Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided in the present invention are ingenol compounds and a use thereof in preparing an anti-HIV latency drug. In particular, provided in the present invention is a use of ingenol compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for preparing a drug for: (a) intervening with HIV viral latency; (b) activating an HIV virus that has been integrated into mammalian genomes; and/or (c) inducing the expression of the dormant HIV provirus in infected cells. The compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with antiretroviral drugs to accelerate the removal of latent viral reservoirs.

Provided in the present invention are ingenol compounds and a use thereof in preparing an anti-HIV latency drug. In particular, provided in the present invention is a use of ingenol compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for preparing a drug for: (a) intervening with HIV viral latency; (b) activating an HIV virus that has been integrated into mammalian genomes; and/or (c) inducing the expression of the dormant HIV provirus in infected cells. The compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with antiretroviral drugs to accelerate the removal of latent viral reservoirs.

The invention relates to a method for the production of acetylsalicylic acid lysinate, optionally lysine acetylsalicylate.glycine, comprising the following steps: a) providing a solution of acetylsalicylic acid in ethanol; b) providing an aqueous solution of lysine; c) combining the solutions of step a) and b) to form a mixture; d) optionally stirring the mixture; e) adding acetone to the mixture; f) incubating the mixture, to allow the formation of a acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product; g) isolating the acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product; wherein acetylsalicylic acid is used in excess compared to lysine and wherein no seed crystals are added to the mixture; and optionally the following further steps: h) providing a recrystallized glycine; wherein the glycine has been recrystallized with the following steps: h1) dissolving glycine in water; h2) adding acetone to the glycine solution; h3) stirring the mixture until a precipitate is obtained; i) combining the recrystallized glycine of step h) with the acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product of step g) to obtain lysine acetylsalicylate.glycine (LASAG) particles.

The invention relates to a method for the production of acetylsalicylic acid lysinate, optionally lysine acetylsalicylate.glycine, comprising the following steps: a) providing a solution of acetylsalicylic acid in ethanol; b) providing an aqueous solution of lysine; c) combining the solutions of step a) and b) to form a mixture; d) optionally stirring the mixture; e) adding acetone to the mixture; f) incubating the mixture, to allow the formation of a acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product; g) isolating the acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product; wherein acetylsalicylic acid is used in excess compared to lysine and wherein no seed crystals are added to the mixture; and optionally the following further steps: h) providing a recrystallized glycine; wherein the glycine has been recrystallized with the following steps: h1) dissolving glycine in water; h2) adding acetone to the glycine solution; h3) stirring the mixture until a precipitate is obtained; i) combining the recrystallized glycine of step h) with the acetylsalicylic acid lysinate product of step g) to obtain lysine acetylsalicylate.glycine (LASAG) particles.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biochemical engineering and particularly discloses a preparation method for (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate. In the method of the present disclosure, the (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate is prepared by catalytic reduction of 3-carbonyl-5-hexenoate by ketoreductase with 3-carbonyl-5-hexenoate as the substrate. The amino acid sequence of ketoreductase is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. In the present disclosure, the (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate having a very high chiral purity is obtained by asymmetric reduction by ketoreductase as the biocatalyst. The present disclosure has the advantages of easy operation, mild reaction conditions, high reaction yield and good practical industrial application value.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biochemical engineering and particularly discloses a preparation method for (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate. In the method of the present disclosure, the (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate is prepared by catalytic reduction of 3-carbonyl-5-hexenoate by ketoreductase with 3-carbonyl-5-hexenoate as the substrate. The amino acid sequence of ketoreductase is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. In the present disclosure, the (R)-3-hydroxyl-5-hexenoate having a very high chiral purity is obtained by asymmetric reduction by ketoreductase as the biocatalyst. The present disclosure has the advantages of easy operation, mild reaction conditions, high reaction yield and good practical industrial application value.