Disclosed is a process for recovering formic acid from a formate ester of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.4 alcohol. Disclosed is also a process for producing formic acid by carbonylating a C.sub.3 to C.sub.4 alcohol, hydrolyzing the formate ester of the alcohol, and recovering a formic acid product. The alcohol may be dried and returned to the reactor. The process enables a more energy efficient production of formic acid than the carbonylation of methanol to produce methyl formate.

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide.

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide.

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide.

The present disclosure provides a zeolite-based compound having a high crystallinity, a method for producing the zeolite-based compound, and a method for producing methyl acetate using the zeolite-based compound. The zeolite-based compound includes a zeolite-based core; and a surface-portion formed on at least a portion of a surface of the zeolite-based core and made of ferrierite.

The present disclosure provides a zeolite-based compound having a high crystallinity, a method for producing the zeolite-based compound, and a method for producing methyl acetate using the zeolite-based compound. The zeolite-based compound includes a zeolite-based core; and a surface-portion formed on at least a portion of a surface of the zeolite-based core and made of ferrierite.

Process for the alkoxycarbonylation of trivinylcyclohexane.

Process for the alkoxycarbonylation of trivinylcyclohexane.

The metal-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a lactone is a method of alkoxycarbonylating a -lactone, specifically 3-ethylidene-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. The method includes combining the -lactone with an alcohol in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system that includes palladium or a salt thereof to form a reaction mixture, which is heated to 110-130 C. at a pressure of 20-50 bar for between 3-5 hours under flow of carbon monoxide gas. The product of the reaction is a substituted 2-octendioate diester. The alcohol may be methyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or phenol. The solvent may be toluene, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran. The method may include adding an acid to the reaction mixture, which may be dilute (about 5 mol %) sulfuric or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The catalyst system may also include a phosphine ligand.

The metal-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a lactone is a method of alkoxycarbonylating a -lactone, specifically 3-ethylidene-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. The method includes combining the -lactone with an alcohol in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system that includes palladium or a salt thereof to form a reaction mixture, which is heated to 110-130 C. at a pressure of 20-50 bar for between 3-5 hours under flow of carbon monoxide gas. The product of the reaction is a substituted 2-octendioate diester. The alcohol may be methyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or phenol. The solvent may be toluene, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran. The method may include adding an acid to the reaction mixture, which may be dilute (about 5 mol %) sulfuric or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The catalyst system may also include a phosphine ligand.