The present invention relates to the use of an ether or an ester of a tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof as aromachemicals; to the use thereof for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition; to an aroma chemical composition containing an ether or an ester of tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof; and to a method of preparing a fragranced composition or for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition. The invention further relates to specific ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols.

Provided are: a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with which a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having both excellent durability and excellent charging characteristics can be provided; and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains: a non-aqueous solvent: a compound represented by the following Formula (1); and at least one heteroatom-containing lithium salt selected from the group consisting of (A) a lithium salt having an F—S bond, (B) a lithium salt having an oxalic acid skeleton, and (C) a lithium salt having P═O and P—F bonds, and the content of the heteroatom-containing lithium salt is 0.001% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less:

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and optionally containing a halogen atom.

Provided are: a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with which a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having both excellent durability and excellent charging characteristics can be provided; and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains: a non-aqueous solvent: a compound represented by the following Formula (1); and at least one heteroatom-containing lithium salt selected from the group consisting of (A) a lithium salt having an F—S bond, (B) a lithium salt having an oxalic acid skeleton, and (C) a lithium salt having P═O and P—F bonds, and the content of the heteroatom-containing lithium salt is 0.001% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less:

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and optionally containing a halogen atom.

Methods of detecting and, optionally, determining a level of incorporation of monolignol ester conjugates into lignin. The methods include derivatizing lignin to acylate at least a portion of free phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls and to halogenate at least a portion of benzylic alcohols present in the lignin to yield derivatized lignin, treating the derivatized lignin with a reducing agent to cleave at least a portion of the derivatized lignin to yield lignin cleavage products, acetylating at least a portion of free hydroxyl groups in the lignin cleavage products with a labeled acetylation agent to yield labeled lignin fragments, and detecting the labeled lignin fragments.

Methods of detecting and, optionally, determining a level of incorporation of monolignol ester conjugates into lignin. The methods include derivatizing lignin to acylate at least a portion of free phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls and to halogenate at least a portion of benzylic alcohols present in the lignin to yield derivatized lignin, treating the derivatized lignin with a reducing agent to cleave at least a portion of the derivatized lignin to yield lignin cleavage products, acetylating at least a portion of free hydroxyl groups in the lignin cleavage products with a labeled acetylation agent to yield labeled lignin fragments, and detecting the labeled lignin fragments.

Methods and compositions comprising an emulsion or a microemulsion for use treating an oil and/or gas well are provided. In some embodiments, the emulsion or the microemulsion comprises an aqueous phase, a solvent, a surfactant comprising alkyl polyglycoside, an alcohol, and, optionally, one or more additives.

Methods and compositions comprising an emulsion or a microemulsion for use treating an oil and/or gas well are provided. In some embodiments, the emulsion or the microemulsion comprises an aqueous phase, a solvent, a surfactant comprising alkyl polyglycoside, an alcohol, and, optionally, one or more additives.

Disclosed are multifunctional compounds represented by structural formula (I):

##STR00001##

methods of producing compounds represented by structural formula (I) and their use in inhibiting corrosion in corrodible material.

Disclosed are multifunctional compounds represented by structural formula (I):

##STR00001##

methods of producing compounds represented by structural formula (I) and their use in inhibiting corrosion in corrodible material.

It is an object to provide a coating agent that can form a layer having excellent adhesiveness to a plastic substrate and having transparency and a high refractive index. The coating agent of the present invention comprises a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein A represents a phenyl group or a naphthyl group optionally having an electron-donating group as a substituent; Z represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkoxy group, a cyclic alkyl group, or a cyclic alkoxy group, X represents a single bond; an alkylene group optionally comprising an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, NR, a divalent aliphatic ring group, an arylene group, an amide structure or a urethane structure; a divalent aliphatic ring group; or an arylene group, Y represents a polymerizable functional group, n represents an integer of 2 or 3, m represents an integer of 1 or 2, l represents an integer of 0 or 1, and n+m+l=4; and when n represents an integer of 2 or 3, A is the same or different]. ##STR00001##