Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R,2R,5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R,2R,5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided are prodrugs of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as well as compositions and uses thereof.

Provided are prodrugs of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as well as compositions and uses thereof.

Provided are prodrugs of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as well as compositions and uses thereof.

Provided are prodrugs of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as well as compositions and uses thereof.

Disclosed are a method for preparing 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives and uses thereof. In this method, an olefin and a 2-substituted malonic acid derivative are used as starting materials to prepare the 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivative in the presence of a catalyst through cyclization reaction. This method has the following advantages: (1) the method can be very efficiently used for the synthesis of highly sterically-hindered 2-(2,6-disubstituted cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives; (2) the reaction yield is high, the reaction conditions are mild, and the wastes are less, favorable for industrial production. More importantly, the present invention extends the further use of 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivatives in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of 2-aryl malonic acid derivatives and their corresponding drugs such as Pinoxaden.

Disclosed are a method for preparing 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives and uses thereof. In this method, an olefin and a 2-substituted malonic acid derivative are used as starting materials to prepare the 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivative in the presence of a catalyst through cyclization reaction. This method has the following advantages: (1) the method can be very efficiently used for the synthesis of highly sterically-hindered 2-(2,6-disubstituted cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives; (2) the reaction yield is high, the reaction conditions are mild, and the wastes are less, favorable for industrial production. More importantly, the present invention extends the further use of 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivatives in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of 2-aryl malonic acid derivatives and their corresponding drugs such as Pinoxaden.

Novel processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I-2 substantially free of the 5,6-trans isomer: ##STR00001##
wherein ##STR00002##
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in the specification are provided. Novel intermediates for the preparations of isomer free Prostaglandins and derivatives thereof are also provided.