Methods for rapid, efficient, and safe fluoridation and radiolabeling of established and new biomarkers are described. More specifically, the described herein methods may be used for fluoridation of biomarkers or to facilitate isotopic exchanges, especially .sup.19F/.sup.18F IEX, for rapid and efficient manufacturing of radiotracers, including radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET), under clinically relevant conditions.

The present invention relates to a reverse wavelength dispersion compound, a reverse wavelength dispersion composition including the same, and an optically anisotropic body including the same. The reverse wavelength dispersion composition according to the present invention can provide a stronger and more stable reverse wavelength dispersion property, and makes it possible to provide an optically anisotropic body having excellent optical properties.

The present invention provides a process for producing a compound represented by formula (I), comprising the steps of (a) reacting a compound represented by formula (II) with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of an alkali carbonate in a aqueous ketone solvent to obtain the compound represented by formula (I) as a crystalline material, and (b) washing the crystalline material with heated water at 30 to 100° C. and then further washing with an organic solvent at 30 to 80° C.

The present invention provides a process for producing a compound represented by formula (I), comprising the steps of (a) reacting a compound represented by formula (II) with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of an alkali carbonate in a aqueous ketone solvent to obtain the compound represented by formula (I) as a crystalline material, and (b) washing the crystalline material with heated water at 30 to 100° C. and then further washing with an organic solvent at 30 to 80° C.

Provided herein are processes for synthesizing intermediates useful in preparing Mcl-1 inhibitors. In particular, provided herein are processes for synthesizing compound F, or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 and OPG.sup.2 are described herein. Compound F can be useful in synthesizing compound A1, or a salt of solvate thereof, and compound A2, or a salt of solvate thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are processes for synthesizing intermediates useful in preparing Mcl-1 inhibitors. In particular, provided herein are processes for synthesizing compound F, or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 and OPG.sup.2 are described herein. Compound F can be useful in synthesizing compound A1, or a salt of solvate thereof, and compound A2, or a salt of solvate thereof.

##STR00001##

A regioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyzed one step process for high yield synthesis of α-acyloxy carbonyl compounds is disclosed. ##STR00001##

A regioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyzed one step process for high yield synthesis of α-acyloxy carbonyl compounds is disclosed. ##STR00001##

A regioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyzed one step process for high yield synthesis of α-acyloxy carbonyl compounds is disclosed. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to monoterpenoid and phenylpropanoid containing derivative compounds, methods of making the compounds, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of repelling pests using the compounds and/or compositions.