The present invention relates to a composition which comprises at least one ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester and at least one alkanoic ester or acid, characterised in that: the ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester has formula H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.n-COOR, wherein n=9 to 13 and R is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the alkanoic ester or acid has formula R.sub.1COOR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 is a straight or branched alkyl group with formula C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or C.sub.mH.sub.2m3, wherein m=6 to 20 and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the molar ratio between the alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) and the ,-amino-alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) is in the range from 0.001 to 0.4%. The present invention also relates to novel methods for obtaining such a composition.

The present invention relates to a composition which comprises at least one ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester and at least one alkanoic ester or acid, characterised in that: the ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester has formula H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.n-COOR, wherein n=9 to 13 and R is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the alkanoic ester or acid has formula R.sub.1COOR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 is a straight or branched alkyl group with formula C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or C.sub.mH.sub.2m3, wherein m=6 to 20 and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the molar ratio between the alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) and the ,-amino-alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) is in the range from 0.001 to 0.4%. The present invention also relates to novel methods for obtaining such a composition.

The present invention relates to a composition which comprises at least one ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester and at least one alkanoic ester or acid, characterised in that: the ,-amino-alkanoic acid or ester has formula H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.n-COOR, wherein n=9 to 13 and R is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the alkanoic ester or acid has formula R.sub.1COOR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 is a straight or branched alkyl group with formula C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or C.sub.mH.sub.2m3, wherein m=6 to 20 and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen; the molar ratio between the alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) and the ,-amino-alkanoic acid(s) or ester(s) is in the range from 0.001 to 0.4%. The present invention also relates to novel methods for obtaining such a composition.

An alternative and improved process for the preparation of Apremilast (Formula I) and Apremilast form B or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. The novel process includes hydrogenation in acetone, Cyclization and acetylation followed by condensation in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and acetic acid mixture in specific volume ratios.

An alternative and improved process for the preparation of Apremilast (Formula I) and Apremilast form B or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. The novel process includes hydrogenation in acetone, Cyclization and acetylation followed by condensation in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and acetic acid mixture in specific volume ratios.

Provided are an intermetallic compound having high stability and high activity, and a catalyst using the same. A hydrogen storage/release material containing an intermetallic compound represented by formula (1): RTX . . . (1) wherein R represents a lanthanoid element, T represents a transition metal in period 4 or period 5 in the periodic table, and X represents Si, Al or Ge.

Provided are an intermetallic compound having high stability and high activity, and a catalyst using the same. A hydrogen storage/release material containing an intermetallic compound represented by formula (1): RTX . . . (1) wherein R represents a lanthanoid element, T represents a transition metal in period 4 or period 5 in the periodic table, and X represents Si, Al or Ge.

The invention relates to the chemical synthesis of pharmaceutical API, and specifically to a method of synthesizing diclofenac sodium, which is a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving pain. The method includes: nitrating phenylacetate to prepare o-nitrophenylacetate (2); hydrogenating o-nitrophenylacetate (2) to prepare o-aminophenylacetate (3); amidating an amino group of o-aminophenylacetate (3) to obtain 2-(2-benzoylaminophenyl) acetate (4); 2-(2-benzoylaminophenyl) acetate (4) reacting with thionyl chloride to prepare a chloroimine intermediate, and then condensing the intermediate of chloroimine with 2,6-dichlorophenol using an inorganic base to prepare (E)-methyl-2-(2-((2,6-dichlorophenoxy)(phenyl)methyleneamino) phenyl ester (5); subjecting (E)-methyl-2-(2-((2,6-dichlorophenoxy)(phenyl)methyleneamino) phenyl ester (5) to Chapman rearrangement to afford methyl 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)benzoylamino)phenyl) ester (6); and hydrolyzing methyl 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)benzoylamino)phenyl) ester (6) to provide the target compound as of diclofenac sodium API. The overall yield is up to 67% based on methyl phenylacetate.

The invention relates to the chemical synthesis of pharmaceutical API, and specifically to a method of synthesizing diclofenac sodium, which is a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving pain. The method includes: nitrating phenylacetate to prepare o-nitrophenylacetate (2); hydrogenating o-nitrophenylacetate (2) to prepare o-aminophenylacetate (3); amidating an amino group of o-aminophenylacetate (3) to obtain 2-(2-benzoylaminophenyl) acetate (4); 2-(2-benzoylaminophenyl) acetate (4) reacting with thionyl chloride to prepare a chloroimine intermediate, and then condensing the intermediate of chloroimine with 2,6-dichlorophenol using an inorganic base to prepare (E)-methyl-2-(2-((2,6-dichlorophenoxy)(phenyl)methyleneamino) phenyl ester (5); subjecting (E)-methyl-2-(2-((2,6-dichlorophenoxy)(phenyl)methyleneamino) phenyl ester (5) to Chapman rearrangement to afford methyl 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)benzoylamino)phenyl) ester (6); and hydrolyzing methyl 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)benzoylamino)phenyl) ester (6) to provide the target compound as of diclofenac sodium API. The overall yield is up to 67% based on methyl phenylacetate.

Disclosed herein are compounds of the general Formula (I), and methods of synthesizing substituted bicyclo[1.1.1 jpentanes. The synthetic methods described herein use a [1.1.1]propellane, a Group VIII transition metal compound, a hydride source and a reagent that can contribute a substituent to form a substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, such as a compound of the general Formula (I).