The present invention provides a process for preparing 2-methyl-N-(2′-methylbutyl)butanamide of the following formula (1): the process comprising: subjecting an α-arylethyl-2-methylbutylamine compound of the following general formula (2): wherein Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, to N-2-methylbutyrylation to form an N-α-arylethyl-2-methyl-N-(2′-methylbutyl)butanamide compound of the following general formula (3): wherein Ar is as defined above, and removing the α-arylethyl group of the resulting compound (3) to form 2-methyl-N-(2′-methylbutyl)butanamide (1).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a scalable synthesis of enantiomerically pure brivaracetam, and related derivatives.

The present invention provides a scalable synthesis of enantiomerically pure brivaracetam, and related derivatives.

This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced.

##STR00001##

In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced.

##STR00001##

In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

Novel 2,2′-diamino biaryls of formula (I), (II) and (III), wherein R1-R10, R1′-R10′, X1-X3 and X1-X3′ are defined in claim 1. The invention also relates to an electrochemical method for the production thereof.

Novel 2,2′-diamino biaryls of formula (I), (II) and (III), wherein R1-R10, R1′-R10′, X1-X3 and X1-X3′ are defined in claim 1. The invention also relates to an electrochemical method for the production thereof.

The present invention provides a process of producing a trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluoromethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an aryl or heteroaryl, each with or without subsutitution; and R.sub.1 is —H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(alkylaryl), -(alkylheteroaryl), —NH-(alkyl), —N(alkyl).sub.7, —NH-(alkenyl), —NH-(alkynyl) —NH-(aryl), —NH-(heteroaryl), —O-(alkyl), —O-(alkenyl), —O-(alkynyl), —O-(aryl), —O-(heteroaryl), —S-(alkyl), —S-(alkenyl), —S-(alkynyl), —S-(aryl), or —S-(heteroaryl), comprising: (a) reacting a compound having the structure:

##STR00002##

with a trifluoromethylating agent in the presence of a base in a first suitable solvent under conditions to produce a compound having the structure:

##STR00003##

and (b) maintaining the compound produced in step (a) in a second suitable solvent under conditions sufficient to produce the trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluormethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00004##

The present invention provides a process of producing a trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluoromethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an aryl or heteroaryl, each with or without subsutitution; and R.sub.1 is —H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(alkylaryl), -(alkylheteroaryl), —NH-(alkyl), —N(alkyl).sub.7, —NH-(alkenyl), —NH-(alkynyl) —NH-(aryl), —NH-(heteroaryl), —O-(alkyl), —O-(alkenyl), —O-(alkynyl), —O-(aryl), —O-(heteroaryl), —S-(alkyl), —S-(alkenyl), —S-(alkynyl), —S-(aryl), or —S-(heteroaryl), comprising: (a) reacting a compound having the structure:

##STR00002##

with a trifluoromethylating agent in the presence of a base in a first suitable solvent under conditions to produce a compound having the structure:

##STR00003##

and (b) maintaining the compound produced in step (a) in a second suitable solvent under conditions sufficient to produce the trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluormethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00004##

Provided is a method for preparing an enamide compound, which includes reacting an organic azide compound having α-hydrogen and an anhydride by addition of a ruthenium complex catalyst in the presence of an ionic liquid, and a ruthenium complex catalyst used herein.