The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture and a co-solvent. This technology reduced the amount of organic solvents needed for performing chemical reactions. Furthermore, compared to reaction mixtures lacking the co-solvent, solvation of the reactants and products of the chemical reaction is greatly enhanced, leading to a significantly improved yield, purity, reproducibility and robustness.

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture and a co-solvent. This technology reduced the amount of organic solvents needed for performing chemical reactions. Furthermore, compared to reaction mixtures lacking the co-solvent, solvation of the reactants and products of the chemical reaction is greatly enhanced, leading to a significantly improved yield, purity, reproducibility and robustness.

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture and a co-solvent. This technology reduced the amount of organic solvents needed for performing chemical reactions. Furthermore, compared to reaction mixtures lacking the co-solvent, solvation of the reactants and products of the chemical reaction is greatly enhanced, leading to a significantly improved yield, purity, reproducibility and robustness.

The invention pertains to an integrated process for capturing CO.sub.2. The process involves desorbing gaseous CO.sub.2 from a CO.sub.2 containing aqueous solution comprising carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, carbamate, or a mixture thereof. The desorbing of gaseous CO.sub.2 is conducted in the presence of a suitable water soluble substance. If desired, the process may also at least partially recover the soluble substance using a membrane, distillation, or another technique.

The invention pertains to an integrated process for capturing CO.sub.2. The process involves desorbing gaseous CO.sub.2 from a CO.sub.2 containing aqueous solution comprising carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, carbamate, or a mixture thereof. The desorbing of gaseous CO.sub.2 is conducted in the presence of a suitable water soluble substance. If desired, the process may also at least partially recover the soluble substance using a membrane, distillation, or another technique.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R,2R,5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R,2R,5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R,2R,5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

A method of preparing a hydrogel product comprising crosslinked glycosaminoglycan molecules, said method including: i) providing a glycosaminoglycan crosslinked by amide bonds, wherein the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans include ester crosslinks formed as byproducts during the amide crosslinking; and ii) subjecting the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans to alkaline treatment to hydrolyze ester crosslinks formed as byproducts during the amide crosslinking.

A method of preparing a hydrogel product comprising crosslinked glycosaminoglycan molecules, said method including: i) providing a glycosaminoglycan crosslinked by amide bonds, wherein the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans include ester crosslinks formed as byproducts during the amide crosslinking; and ii) subjecting the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans to alkaline treatment to hydrolyze ester crosslinks formed as byproducts during the amide crosslinking.