A method for selectively removing sodium or potassium from an alkaline lithium-containing aqueous solution, the method comprising: (i) contacting the alkaline lithium-containing aqueous solution with a hydrophobic solution comprising: (a) an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solvent, (b) a protic ionic liquid of the formula X.sup.Y.sup.+, wherein X.sup. is a conjugate base of a superacid and Y.sup.+ is a protonated cation, and (c) at least one of lipophilic sodium-selective and potassium-selective complexing ligands, wherein the contacting step results in selective complexation with and removal of sodium and/or potassium ions from the lithium-containing aqueous solution into the hydrophobic solution along with simultaneous abstraction of a proton from Y.sup.+ to form Y; and (ii) separating the aqueous solution from the hydrophobic solution, wherein, in some embodiments, X.sup. is a bis(sulfonyl)imide and Y.sup.+ is a protic ammonium species. The method may further include stripping sodium and potassium ions from the hydrophobic solution and regenerating Y.sup.+.

A method for selectively removing sodium or potassium from an alkaline lithium-containing aqueous solution, the method comprising: (i) contacting the alkaline lithium-containing aqueous solution with a hydrophobic solution comprising: (a) an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solvent, (b) a protic ionic liquid of the formula X.sup.Y.sup.+, wherein X.sup. is a conjugate base of a superacid and Y.sup.+ is a protonated cation, and (c) at least one of lipophilic sodium-selective and potassium-selective complexing ligands, wherein the contacting step results in selective complexation with and removal of sodium and/or potassium ions from the lithium-containing aqueous solution into the hydrophobic solution along with simultaneous abstraction of a proton from Y.sup.+ to form Y; and (ii) separating the aqueous solution from the hydrophobic solution, wherein, in some embodiments, X.sup. is a bis(sulfonyl)imide and Y.sup.+ is a protic ammonium species. The method may further include stripping sodium and potassium ions from the hydrophobic solution and regenerating Y.sup.+.

The invention relates to N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions and are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Novel N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives release HNO at a controlled rate under physiological conditions, and the rate of HNO release is modulated by varying the nature and location of functional groups on the N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives.

The invention relates to N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions and are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Novel N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives release HNO at a controlled rate under physiological conditions, and the rate of HNO release is modulated by varying the nature and location of functional groups on the N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives.

A class of sulfonimide salts for solid-state electrolytes can be synthesized based on successive S.sub.NAr reactions of fluorinated phenyl sulfonimides: Fluorinated Aryl Sulfonimide Tags (FAST). The chemical and electrochemical oxidative stability of these FAST salts as well as other properties like solubility, Lewis basicity, and conductivity can be tuned by introducing different numbers and types of nucleophilic functional groups to the FAST salt scaffold.

A class of sulfonimide salts for solid-state electrolytes can be synthesized based on successive S.sub.NAr reactions of fluorinated phenyl sulfonimides: Fluorinated Aryl Sulfonimide Tags (FAST). The chemical and electrochemical oxidative stability of these FAST salts as well as other properties like solubility, Lewis basicity, and conductivity can be tuned by introducing different numbers and types of nucleophilic functional groups to the FAST salt scaffold.

A method for producing a lithium sulfamate which includes (1) reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, with a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each individually H or a substituent as defined herein, the substituent optionally containing at least one bi- to hexavalent heteroatom in the structure and being a substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced with a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group, to obtain a compound (3) represented by the following formula (3):

##STR00003##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above.

A method for producing a lithium sulfamate which includes (1) reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, with a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each individually H or a substituent as defined herein, the substituent optionally containing at least one bi- to hexavalent heteroatom in the structure and being a substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced with a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group, to obtain a compound (3) represented by the following formula (3):

##STR00003##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above.

The invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of fluorinated conductive salts for lithium ion batteries (Li-ion batteries). The said fluorinated conductive lithium ion (Li-ion) battery salts of interest in the framework of the present inventions synthesis process, for example, are Li-ion salts such as LiFSI (lithium bis-(fluoromethanesulfonlyl) imide), LiTFSI (lithium bis-(trifluormethanesulfonlyl) imide), and LiTFSFI (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylfluorosulfonyl imide), with the formulas as displayed in the Table I herein below. LiFSI, LiTFSI and LiFSTFSI are the most promising conducting salts for Lithium ion batteries and essential for future electromobility.

The invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of fluorinated conductive salts for lithium ion batteries (Li-ion batteries). The said fluorinated conductive lithium ion (Li-ion) battery salts of interest in the framework of the present inventions synthesis process, for example, are Li-ion salts such as LiFSI (lithium bis-(fluoromethanesulfonlyl) imide), LiTFSI (lithium bis-(trifluormethanesulfonlyl) imide), and LiTFSFI (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylfluorosulfonyl imide), with the formulas as displayed in the Table I herein below. LiFSI, LiTFSI and LiFSTFSI are the most promising conducting salts for Lithium ion batteries and essential for future electromobility.