Provided is an ionic liquid including a cationic compound represented by Formula (1), where R represents an N-containing heterocyclic cation, and an anionic compound, an electrolyte including the ionic liquid, and a secondary battery.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and, more specifically, to a method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, capable of simply and economically preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, which is a lithium salt to be used in an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, in a high yield and with high purity. According to the present invention, the novel method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide can resolve the problem of a conventional technique by reacting a bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide compound, which is a starting material, with a fluorination reagent, and then immediately treating the same with an alkali reagent without purification or concentration, and has an effect of enabling lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide to be simply and economically prepared in a high yield and with high purity.

The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and, more specifically, to a method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, capable of simply and economically preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, which is a lithium salt to be used in an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, in a high yield and with high purity. According to the present invention, the novel method for preparing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide can resolve the problem of a conventional technique by reacting a bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide compound, which is a starting material, with a fluorination reagent, and then immediately treating the same with an alkali reagent without purification or concentration, and has an effect of enabling lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide to be simply and economically prepared in a high yield and with high purity.

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a battery contains a phosphazene compound (A) that contains at least one of a phosphazene compound represented by Formula (1) or a phosphazene compound represented by Formula (2). In Formulae (1) and (2), each of Y.sup.− and Z.sup.− independently represents an anion in which a proton is removed from an inorganic acid or an active hydrogen compound; each of twenty-four Rs independently represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and, among the twenty-four Rs, two Rs bonded to the same nitrogen atom are optionally bonded to each other.

##STR00001##

The present invention discloses an ionic liquid composition comprising an at least partially hydrophobic ionic liquid, wherein the at least partially hydrophobic ionic liquid comprises a di cation comprising two monocationic groups linked by a bridging group wherein the bridging group provides an at least partially hydrophobic character. The composition may also include a hydrophilic ionic liquid. The hydrophobic ionic liquid may include a quaternary ammonium group which may be substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic and the bridging group is a unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alkylene or C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alkoxy alkyl. Also disclosed is a nanoemulsion formulation which includes the ionic liquid compositions, at least one polymer, a hydrophobic liquid, an aqueous liquid, and a hydrophobic or hydrophilic therapeutic agent. Methods to deliver a therapeutic agent by delivering a nanoemulsion and methods to make a nanoemulsion are also disclosed.

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes an acid-decomposable resin and a specific compound, in which the specific compound has two or more cationic moieties and the same number of anionic moieties as that of the cationic moieties, and at least one of the cationic moieties has a group represented by General Formula (I).

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes an acid-decomposable resin and a specific compound, in which the specific compound has two or more cationic moieties and the same number of anionic moieties as that of the cationic moieties, and at least one of the cationic moieties has a group represented by General Formula (I).

A novel dopant according to the present disclosure includes an anion represented by the following Formula (1) and a counter cation. In Formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be each at least one group selected from a nitro group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a haloalkyl group, a sulfo group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an halosulfonyl group, and a haloalkylsulfonyl group, or may be a group formed by R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 bonded to each other [—SO.sub.2-L-SO.sub.2—] (where L represents a haloalkylene group). The counter cation may be a radical cation represented by Formula (2), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent electron-withdrawing groups that may be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle, and R.sup.3 to R.sup.5 represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, or a heterocyclic group that may have a substituent. The dopant is capable of forming an electroconductive composition that shows a high conductivity.

A novel dopant according to the present disclosure includes an anion represented by the following Formula (1) and a counter cation. In Formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be each at least one group selected from a nitro group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a haloalkyl group, a sulfo group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an halosulfonyl group, and a haloalkylsulfonyl group, or may be a group formed by R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 bonded to each other [—SO.sub.2-L-SO.sub.2—] (where L represents a haloalkylene group). The counter cation may be a radical cation represented by Formula (2), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent electron-withdrawing groups that may be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle, and R.sup.3 to R.sup.5 represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, or a heterocyclic group that may have a substituent. The dopant is capable of forming an electroconductive composition that shows a high conductivity.

An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.