In an approach to improve the field of photoacid generators (PAGs) through a new photoacid generator, in particular to a photoacid generator comprising a new polycyclic aromatic photoacid generator compound anion, and a photoresist composition, comprising said photoacid generator. Embodiments the present invention relate to a method of generating an acid using said photoresist composition and a method of forming a patterned materials feature on a substrate.

The invention relates to plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) inhibitor compounds and uses thereof in the treatment of any disease or disorder associated with elevated PAI-1. The invention includes, but is not limited to, the use of such compounds to prevent or reduce thrombosis and fibrosis, to promote thrombolysis, and to modulate lipid metabolism and treat diseases or disorders associated with elevated PAI-1, cholesterol, or lipid levels.

The invention relates to plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) inhibitor compounds and uses thereof in the treatment of any disease or disorder associated with elevated PAI-1. The invention includes, but is not limited to, the use of such compounds to prevent or reduce thrombosis and fibrosis, to promote thrombolysis, and to modulate lipid metabolism and treat diseases or disorders associated with elevated PAI-1, cholesterol, or lipid levels.

A specific cross-linker, an alkaline metal bis(styrenesulfonyl)imide monomer, is used in the synthesis of single ionic conductive copolymers that are non-fluorinated and non-PEO based. Such copolymers meet the security and costs requirements to be used as solid polymers electrolytes (SPE). They are promising alternatives to standard liquid electrolytes in alkaline metal-ion batteries because of their improved security and inflammability properties. The copolymers described are either polyvinylsulfonates or acrylate vinylsulfonate block-copolymers. Preferred acrylate monomers are methacrylates and preferred vinylsulfonates are styrene sulfonates. The copolymer is prepared by radical polymerization of the vinyl sulfonate and the cross-linker and optionally the acrylate, in particular radical photopolymerization using a functionalized bis(acyl)phosphane oxide (BAPO) as photoinitiator. Also described is the use of such copolymer as solid polymer electrolyte in a lithium ion battery.

A specific cross-linker, an alkaline metal bis(styrenesulfonyl)imide monomer, is used in the synthesis of single ionic conductive copolymers that are non-fluorinated and non-PEO based. Such copolymers meet the security and costs requirements to be used as solid polymers electrolytes (SPE). They are promising alternatives to standard liquid electrolytes in alkaline metal-ion batteries because of their improved security and inflammability properties. The copolymers described are either polyvinylsulfonates or acrylate vinylsulfonate block-copolymers. Preferred acrylate monomers are methacrylates and preferred vinylsulfonates are styrene sulfonates. The copolymer is prepared by radical polymerization of the vinyl sulfonate and the cross-linker and optionally the acrylate, in particular radical photopolymerization using a functionalized bis(acyl)phosphane oxide (BAPO) as photoinitiator. Also described is the use of such copolymer as solid polymer electrolyte in a lithium ion battery.

The preparation is described of a compound of formula (I) comprising an —SO.sub.2F function by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a fluorinating agent selected from hydrofluoric acid and an ionic fluoride of a monovalent or divalent cation:
R—SO.sub.2F  (I)
R′—SO.sub.2X  (II)
where R is selected from the groups R1, R2 and R3: R1=—C.sub.nH.sub.aF.sub.b with n=1-10, a+b=2n+1, b≧1; R2=—C.sub.xH.sub.yF.sub.z—SO.sub.2F with x=1-10, y+z=2x and z≧1; R3=φ-C.sub.cH.sub.hF.sub.f with c=1-10; h+f=2c and f≧1;
where R′ is selected from the following groups R′1, R′2 and R′3: R′1=—C.sub.nH.sub.aX.sub.b with n=1-10, a+b=2n+1, b≧1; R′2=—C.sub.xH.sub.yX.sub.z—SO.sub.2X with x=1-10, y+z=2x and z≧1; R′3=φ-C.sub.cH.sub.hX.sub.f with c=1-10; h+f=2c and f≧1; φ denoting a phenyl group; X═Cl, Br.

The preparation is described of a compound of formula (I) comprising an —SO.sub.2F function by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a fluorinating agent selected from hydrofluoric acid and an ionic fluoride of a monovalent or divalent cation:
R—SO.sub.2F  (I)
R′—SO.sub.2X  (II)
where R is selected from the groups R1, R2 and R3: R1=—C.sub.nH.sub.aF.sub.b with n=1-10, a+b=2n+1, b≧1; R2=—C.sub.xH.sub.yF.sub.z—SO.sub.2F with x=1-10, y+z=2x and z≧1; R3=φ-C.sub.cH.sub.hF.sub.f with c=1-10; h+f=2c and f≧1;
where R′ is selected from the following groups R′1, R′2 and R′3: R′1=—C.sub.nH.sub.aX.sub.b with n=1-10, a+b=2n+1, b≧1; R′2=—C.sub.xH.sub.yX.sub.z—SO.sub.2X with x=1-10, y+z=2x and z≧1; R′3=φ-C.sub.cH.sub.hX.sub.f with c=1-10; h+f=2c and f≧1; φ denoting a phenyl group; X═Cl, Br.

Provided is a process for converting a hydrocarbon comprising at least one C—H bond to a nitrogen-functionalized product. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon and (i) an oxidizing electrophile comprising (a) a main group element or transition metal in oxidized form and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing ligand, or (ii) an oxidant and a reduced form of an oxidizing electrophile comprising (a) a main group element or transition metal and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing ligand, in a solvent to provide the nitrogen-functionalized product and an electrophile reduction product. Further provided is an oxidizing composition comprising the oxidizing electrophile with at least one nitrogen-containing ligand and a non-oxidizable liquid.

Provided is a process for converting a hydrocarbon comprising at least one C—H bond to a nitrogen-functionalized product. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon and (i) an oxidizing electrophile comprising (a) a main group element or transition metal in oxidized form and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing ligand, or (ii) an oxidant and a reduced form of an oxidizing electrophile comprising (a) a main group element or transition metal and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing ligand, in a solvent to provide the nitrogen-functionalized product and an electrophile reduction product. Further provided is an oxidizing composition comprising the oxidizing electrophile with at least one nitrogen-containing ligand and a non-oxidizable liquid.

The present application relates to a lithium ion battery, comprising: a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and an electrolytic solution, the positive electrode plate including a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer provided on at least one side of the positive electrode current collector, and the electrolytic solution including an organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, wherein the lithium salt comprises a primary lithium salt, the primary lithium salt is a first compound in an amount of 30% or more relative to the total molar amount of the lithium salt, and the first compound has a structure represented by the following formula I, and wherein the additive comprises a second compound represented by the following formula II. ##STR00001##