The object of the invention are solutions of alkali metal amides MNR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein M is an alkali metal selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 8 C atoms or together are a cycloalkyl radical, the alkali metal amides being present in methyltetrahydropyran or in a solvent mixture containing methyltetrahydropyran, and processes for their preparation.

A compound according to Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl and optionally substituted aryl; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl, and optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; and R.sup.7 is a phosphorus containing moiety, wherein a phosphorus atom is bonded to Au.

A compound according to Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl and optionally substituted aryl; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl, and optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; and R.sup.7 is a phosphorus containing moiety, wherein a phosphorus atom is bonded to Au.

A method for producing a compound of formula (1) R.sup.11X.sup.11—SO.sub.3M.sup.11, which includes reacting a compound of formula (3) R.sup.31O—SO.sub.2—OR.sup.32 and a metal alkoxide, wherein R.sup.11, X.sup.11 and M.sup.11 are as defined herein.

A method for producing a compound of formula (1) R.sup.11X.sup.11—SO.sub.3M.sup.11, which includes reacting a compound of formula (3) R.sup.31O—SO.sub.2—OR.sup.32 and a metal alkoxide, wherein R.sup.11, X.sup.11 and M.sup.11 are as defined herein.

The present invention relates to a modification polymerization initiator and a method for preparing the same, and the modification polymerization initiator includes a derived unit from a compound represented by Formula 1 and may include various functional groups in a molecule, and thus, may initiate polymerization reaction and introduce a functional group into a polymer chain at the same time. In addition, the preparation method according to the present invention may prepare the modification polymerization initiator with high purity in high yield.

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (P1): (B.sup.1f).sub.mp(A.sup.1).sub.np, wherein B.sup.1f is RfCOO, Rf is a hydrocarbon having one or more fluorine atoms, A.sup.1 is a group excluding H, mp is (valence of A.sup.1)×np and is 1 or 2, np is mp/(valence of A.sup.1) and is 1, A.sup.1 has a valence of 1 or 2, the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (S1): (B.sup.1f)(R.sup.1), wherein B.sup.1f is as defined above, and R.sup.1 is an organic group, and a compound represented by formula (S2): (A.sup.1).sub.ms2(B.sup.2).sub.ns2, wherein A.sup.1 is as defined above, B.sup.2 is OH, CO.sub.3, or HCO.sub.3, ms2 is (valence of B.sup.2)×ns2/(valence of A.sup.1) and is 1 or 2, and ns2 is (valence of A.sup.1)×ms2/(valence of B.sup.2) and 1 or 2, or a hydrate thereof.

Such a method is a novel production method of a fluorinated carboxylic acid salt compound (preferably a fluorinated carboxylic acid salt compound having a low water content).

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (P1): (B.sup.1f).sub.mp(A.sup.1).sub.np, wherein B.sup.1f is RfCOO, Rf is a hydrocarbon having one or more fluorine atoms, A.sup.1 is a group excluding H, mp is (valence of A.sup.1)×np and is 1 or 2, np is mp/(valence of A.sup.1) and is 1, A.sup.1 has a valence of 1 or 2, the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (S1): (B.sup.1f)(R.sup.1), wherein B.sup.1f is as defined above, and R.sup.1 is an organic group, and a compound represented by formula (S2): (A.sup.1).sub.ms2(B.sup.2).sub.ns2, wherein A.sup.1 is as defined above, B.sup.2 is OH, CO.sub.3, or HCO.sub.3, ms2 is (valence of B.sup.2)×ns2/(valence of A.sup.1) and is 1 or 2, and ns2 is (valence of A.sup.1)×ms2/(valence of B.sup.2) and 1 or 2, or a hydrate thereof.

Such a method is a novel production method of a fluorinated carboxylic acid salt compound (preferably a fluorinated carboxylic acid salt compound having a low water content).

Electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising compounds containing one, two, or more triple-bonded moieties are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte composition. Compounds containing one, two, or more triple-bonded moieties may serve as additives to the electrolyte composition.

A hybrid separator for an electrochemical cell is provided, along with methods of making the hybrid separator. The hybrid separator includes a first metal-organic framework comprising copper and having a plurality of first pores and a second distinct metal-organic framework comprising indium or zinc and having a plurality of second pores. The hybrid separator is capable of adsorbing one or more lithium salts in at least one of the plurality of first pores or the plurality of second pores so as to be ionically conductive. The hybrid separator may have a conductivity greater than or equal to about 0.1 mS/cm to less than or equal to about 1 mS/cm and is substantially free of any polymeric binder.