An alkali metal monohydrogen cyanurate compound of the chemical formula AM(HC.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.3).Math.nH.sub.2O (specifically such as KLi(HC.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.3).Math.2H.sub.2O, RbLi(HC.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.3).Math.2H.sub.2O, RbNa(HC.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.3).Math.2H.sub.2O) and a nonlinear optical crystal thereof are related to optoelectronic functional materials. Measured using a powder frequency doubling test method, and the powder frequency doubling effect of the nonlinear optical crystal is about 2-3 times that of KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 (KDP). The ultraviolet absorption edge of the nonlinear optical crystal is shorter than 250 nm. The nonlinear optical crystal can achieve the harmonic generator of double, triple, or quadruple frequency for Nd: YAG (=1.064 m). Moreover, the nonlinear optical crystal is of a single crystalline structure, is colorless and transparent, and does not deliquesce in air.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing metal alkoxide compounds MOR.sup.2 from the metal hydroxides MOH and the compounds of the formulae R.sup.1OH and R.sup.2OH, where the boiling point of R.sup.1OH is lower than that of R.sup.2OH. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 here are alkyl radicals or haloalkyl radicals, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by ether groups, and which may have hydroxy groups. M here is a metal, preferably an alkali metal.

The process, by contrast with the conventional processes for transalcoholization, which require at least two reaction steps in two different reactive distillation columns, is conducted as a multiple reactive distillation in a reactive distillation column. This results in a decrease in apparatus complexity and a reduction in the need for power and heating steam. The process is especially suitable for preparation of compounds MOR.sup.2 for which the corresponding compound R.sup.2OH forms an azeotrope with water and/or for which the boiling point of R.sup.2OH is close to the boiling point of water.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing metal alkoxide compounds MOR.sup.2 from the metal hydroxides MOH and the compounds of the formulae R.sup.1OH and R.sup.2OH, where the boiling point of R.sup.1OH is lower than that of R.sup.2OH. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 here are alkyl radicals or haloalkyl radicals, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by ether groups, and which may have hydroxy groups. M here is a metal, preferably an alkali metal.

The process, by contrast with the conventional processes for transalcoholization, which require at least two reaction steps in two different reactive distillation columns, is conducted as a multiple reactive distillation in a reactive distillation column. This results in a decrease in apparatus complexity and a reduction in the need for power and heating steam. The process is especially suitable for preparation of compounds MOR.sup.2 for which the corresponding compound R.sup.2OH forms an azeotrope with water and/or for which the boiling point of R.sup.2OH is close to the boiling point of water.

The disclosure relates to various compositions, related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compositions containing a nanostructured organic compound, compositions containing an organic compound and a metal-organic framework embedded within the organic compound, and compositions containing an organic compound that is at least partially crystalline and a crystalline metal oxide distributed within the organic compound, as well as related methods of making (e.g., methods of depolymerizing polymers), methods of use (e.g., energy storage, contamination removal), articles (e.g., electrodes), and systems (e.g., energy storage systems, systems containing such energy storage systems) from the compositions of the disclosure. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a composition that includes a silicon-containing material and a polymer made of imide monomers, as well as related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same.

The disclosure relates to various compositions, related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compositions containing a nanostructured organic compound, compositions containing an organic compound and a metal-organic framework embedded within the organic compound, and compositions containing an organic compound that is at least partially crystalline and a crystalline metal oxide distributed within the organic compound, as well as related methods of making (e.g., methods of depolymerizing polymers), methods of use (e.g., energy storage, contamination removal), articles (e.g., electrodes), and systems (e.g., energy storage systems, systems containing such energy storage systems) from the compositions of the disclosure. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a composition that includes a silicon-containing material and a polymer made of imide monomers, as well as related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same.

A method for producing a compound of formula (1) R.sup.11X.sup.11SO.sub.3M.sup.11, which includes reacting a compound of formula (3) R.sup.31OSO.sub.2OR.sup.32 and a metal alkoxide, wherein R.sup.11, X.sup.11 and M.sup.11 are as defined herein.

A method for producing a compound of formula (1) R.sup.11X.sup.11SO.sub.3M.sup.11, which includes reacting a compound of formula (3) R.sup.31OSO.sub.2OR.sup.32 and a metal alkoxide, wherein R.sup.11, X.sup.11 and M.sup.11 are as defined herein.

An artemisinic acid derivative includes: a water-soluble organic salt formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a small-molecule basic organic compound, or a water-soluble complex formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a small molecule peptide, or a water-soluble salt formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a basic metal compound. The artemisinic acid derivative provided by the present application solves the problem of difficulty in dissolving the artemisinic acid and the dihydroartemisinic acid in water, and combines whitening, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor biological activities, thus having a good research and development prospect.

An artemisinic acid derivative includes: a water-soluble organic salt formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a small-molecule basic organic compound, or a water-soluble complex formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a small molecule peptide, or a water-soluble salt formed by a reaction of artemisinic acid or dihydroartemisinic acid with a basic metal compound. The artemisinic acid derivative provided by the present application solves the problem of difficulty in dissolving the artemisinic acid and the dihydroartemisinic acid in water, and combines whitening, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor biological activities, thus having a good research and development prospect.