A process comprising a heterogenous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported heteropolyacid catalyst and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid metal organic framework supported heteropolyacid wherein the heteropolyacid loading is greater than 25% by weight; and the pore volume is less than 2.0 mL/g.

A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid metal organic framework supported sulfonic acid wherein the sulfur content is greater than 0.5 mmol/gram.

A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework wherein the oxyanion loading is at least 2 per node.

A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported sulfonic acid and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The invention relates to a solid catalyst system comprising a chromium compound, a metal compound, an aluminium compound and a silicon oxide support, wherein the silicon oxide support has an average particle diameter in the range between ≥20 and ≤50 μm, a pore volume in the range between ≥1.7 ml/g and ≤3 ml/g, and a surface area in the range between ≥400 m.sup.2/g and ≤800 m.sup.2/g, and wherein the aluminium alkoxide compound has the formula

R.sub.1—Al—OR.sub.2

wherein R.sub.1 is selected from (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkyl groups and OR.sub.2 is selected from (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkoxyl groups.

Methods for depositing protective coatings on aerospace components are provided and include sequentially exposing the aerospace component to a chromium precursor and a reactant to form a chromium-containing layer on a surface of the aerospace component by an atomic layer deposition process. The chromium-containing layer contains metallic chromium, chromium oxide, chromium nitride, chromium carbide, chromium silicide, or any combination thereof.