The present invention relates to metal-based tris-bipyridyl complexes, e.g., iron-based tris-bipyridyl complexes, and their use in fabrication of surface confined assemblies for electrochromic applications. Formulae I and II. ##STR00001##

Compositions may comprise symmetrical and asymmetrical pyridine-containing transition metal-complexes having appended group 13 Lewis acids positioned on the pyridine-containing ligands of the transition metal-complex such that the group 13 Lewis acid may be near the catalytic site, thereby allowing the appended group 13 Lewis acid to function more efficiently in promoting formation of a catalytically active species. Catalysts systems may comprise these symmetrical and asymmetrical pyridine-containing transition metal-complexes and methods of preparing polyolefins may use these catalyst systems.

A compound having a structure of Formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z, where ligand L.sub.A is ##STR00001##
ligand L.sub.B is ##STR00002##
and ligand L.sub.C is ##STR00003##
is disclosed. In Formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z, M is a metal having an atomic number greater than 40; x is 1, 2, or 3; y and z are 0, 1, or 2; x+y+z is the oxidation state of metal M; Z.sub.1-Z.sub.6 are each C or N; Z.sub.D is N or a carbene carbon; rings C and D are independently a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; R.sup.4 is substituted, while each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.C, R.sup.D, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, and R.sup.13 are selected from hydrogen and a variety of moieties; and any adjacent substituents of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.C, R.sup.D, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, and R.sup.13 are optionally joined to form a ring. Formulations and devices, such as an OLEDs, that include the compound of formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z are also described.

A compound having a structure of Formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z, where ligand L.sub.A is ##STR00001##
ligand L.sub.B is ##STR00002##
and ligand L.sub.C is ##STR00003##
is disclosed. In Formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z, M is a metal having an atomic number greater than 40; x is 1, 2, or 3; y and z are 0, 1, or 2; x+y+z is the oxidation state of metal M; Z.sub.1-Z.sub.6 are each C or N; Z.sub.D is N or a carbene carbon; rings C and D are independently a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; R.sup.4 is substituted, while each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.C, R.sup.D, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, and R.sup.13 are selected from hydrogen and a variety of moieties; and any adjacent substituents of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.C, R.sup.D, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, and R.sup.13 are optionally joined to form a ring. Formulations and devices, such as an OLEDs, that include the compound of formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z are also described.

Mixed metal metal-organic frameworks (MM-MOFs) of copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC), M-Cu-BTC, wherein M is Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and/or Fe(II) may be made using post-synthetic exchange (PSE) with metal ions. Such MM-MOFs may be used in H.sub.2 storage, especially Ni(II) and Co(II) MM-MOFs. Selected metal exchanged materials can provide gravimetric H.sub.2 uptake around 1.63 wt. % for Zn—Cu-BTC, around 1.61 wt. % for Ni—Cu-BTC, around 1.63 wt. % for Fe—Cu-BTC, and around 1.12 wt. % for Co—Cu-BTC.

Mixed metal metal-organic frameworks (MM-MOFs) of copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC), M-Cu-BTC, wherein M is Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and/or Fe(II) may be made using post-synthetic exchange (PSE) with metal ions. Such MM-MOFs may be used in H.sub.2 storage, especially Ni(II) and Co(II) MM-MOFs. Selected metal exchanged materials can provide gravimetric H.sub.2 uptake around 1.63 wt. % for Zn—Cu-BTC, around 1.61 wt. % for Ni—Cu-BTC, around 1.63 wt. % for Fe—Cu-BTC, and around 1.12 wt. % for Co—Cu-BTC.

The invention provides monoferrocenyl compounds of general formula (I). The invention also provides substrates labelled with the compounds, functionalised derivatives of the compounds and methods of using the compounds, functionalised derivatives and labelled substrates in electrochemical assays.

A method of forming a thin film on a substrate which includes a step of contacting a surface with a precursor compound having a transition metal and one or more alkyl-1,3-diazabutadiene ligands is provided. The resulting modified surface is then contacted with an activating compound.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of carbon nanotube structures.

A method for synthesizing (R)-(−)-1-((S)-2-diphosphino ferrocene)-ethyl-diphosphine by: 1) adding vinylferrocene, a chiral catalyst, and toluene to a first drying reactor; adding a phosphorus-hydrogen compound to the first drying reactor and allowing reactants in the first drying reactor to react; cooling the first drying reactor; adding water dropwise to the first drying reactor; extracting, drying, and recrystallizing a product to yield (R)-1-ferrocenylethyl-diphosphine; 2) adding the (R)-1-ferrocenylethyl-diphosphine and ether to a second drying reactor; adding a hexane solution including diethylzinc to the second drying reactor and allowing reactants in the second drying reactor to react; adding a phosphorus-chlorine compound dropwise to the second drying reactor, and heating and refluxing the reaction mixture in the second drying reactor; adding water to quench the reaction mixture in the second drying reactor; and extracting, drying, and recrystallizing the reaction mixture.