Provided herein are processes for detecting oligosaccharides in a biological sample. In specific instances, the biological sample is provided from an individual suffering from a disorder associated with abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation.

Provided herein are processes for detecting oligosaccharides in a biological sample. In specific instances, the biological sample is provided from an individual suffering from a disorder associated with abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation.

The present invention provides co-crystals of glycopyrronium bromide with lactose. The glycopyrronium bromide and lactose in the novel co-crystals are present in a stoichiometric ratio of from about 1:2 to 2:1. These are characterized by XRD and DSC. Processes for preparing the novel co-crystals are also provided. The co-crystals are also disclosed for use as a medicament, in particular, for treatment of respiratory complaints, such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), bronchitis and asthma. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the co-crystals as active ingredient are also presented.

The present invention provides co-crystals of glycopyrronium bromide with lactose. The glycopyrronium bromide and lactose in the novel co-crystals are present in a stoichiometric ratio of from about 1:2 to 2:1. These are characterized by XRD and DSC. Processes for preparing the novel co-crystals are also provided. The co-crystals are also disclosed for use as a medicament, in particular, for treatment of respiratory complaints, such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), bronchitis and asthma. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the co-crystals as active ingredient are also presented.

The present description relates to glycoconjugates, glycoconjugate immunogens and glycoconjugate vaccines comprising carbohydrate antigens coupled to immunogenic carrier proteins, or materials used for detection and screening of resulting antibodies. Improved methods of more directly and precisely conjugating carbohydrate antigens to free thiol groups of immunogenic carrier proteins are described, including click-chemistry approaches based on photocatalytic thiol-ene reactions.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for the electrochemical detection of enzymes, such as enzymes that are indicative of disease, disorders, or pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, or other disorders. These methods can be used in point-of-care diagnostic assays for the detection of disease, disorder, or pathogen (e.g., to identify the strain of pathogen infecting a patient in a healthcare setting). The electrochemical methods described herein can also be used to assess the susceptibility of a pathogen to an antipathogen drug. Also provided are probes suitable for use in conjunction with the methods described herein.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for the electrochemical detection of enzymes, such as enzymes that are indicative of disease, disorders, or pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, or other disorders. These methods can be used in point-of-care diagnostic assays for the detection of disease, disorder, or pathogen (e.g., to identify the strain of pathogen infecting a patient in a healthcare setting). The electrochemical methods described herein can also be used to assess the susceptibility of a pathogen to an antipathogen drug. Also provided are probes suitable for use in conjunction with the methods described herein.

The invention provides a method of extracting and isolating certain compounds from tobacco. The resulting isolate can include more than 90% by weight of a given compound and can be used as a flavor component for tobacco material used in smoking articles and smokeless tobacco compositions. Exemplary compounds that may be present in the isolate according to the invention include, but are not limited to, solanone, neophytadiene, megastigmatrienone, -damascenone, norsolanadione, cis-abienol, -cembratrienediol, -cembratrienediol, sucrose esters, and lutein.

The invention provides a method of extracting and isolating certain compounds from tobacco. The resulting isolate can include more than 90% by weight of a given compound and can be used as a flavor component for tobacco material used in smoking articles and smokeless tobacco compositions. Exemplary compounds that may be present in the isolate according to the invention include, but are not limited to, solanone, neophytadiene, megastigmatrienone, -damascenone, norsolanadione, cis-abienol, -cembratrienediol, -cembratrienediol, sucrose esters, and lutein.

Disclosed is a method of inhibiting isomerization of a reducing saccharide in an aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide upon thermal treatment of said aqueous saccharide solution by acidifying the aqueous saccharide solution prior to its thermal treatment, and the use of the thermally treated aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide for producing a biological product.