The current invention is directed towards compounds of the general formula (I), wherein the integers are defined as follows: R.sup.1 is —(CH.sub.2)nCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, R.sup.2 is —(CH.sub.2).sub.n+2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, G.sup.1 selected from monosaccharides with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, x in the range of from 1.1 to 4, n is a number in the range of from zero to 3. ##STR00001##

The current invention is directed towards mixtures of compounds, comprising (A) in the range of from 93 to 97% by weight compound of general formula (I) (B) in the range of from 3 to 6.5% by weight compound of general formula (II) (C) in the range of from 0.2 to 0.5% by weight compound of general formula (III) wherein the integers are defined as follows: R.sup.1 is —(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, R.sup.2 is —(CH.sub.2).sub.n+2CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 is —(CH.sub.2).sub.n+1CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, R.sup.4 is —(CH.sub.2).sub.n−1CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 G.sup.1 selected from monosaccharides with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, x in the range of from 1.1 to 10, n is a number in the range of from 1 to 4. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

A process for the crystallisation of a water-soluble compound is disclosed. The process comprises (a) providing, in a crystallisation vessel, a solution of the water-soluble compound in a mixture of water and a solvent in which the water-soluble compound has a lower solubility than in water; (b) passing vapor phase of the mixture through a sorption zone containing a water vapor sorbent to selectively adsorb water from the vapor phase; (c) recycling a part of the vapor phase to the crystallisation vessel or withdrawing vapor phase depleted in water from the process and adding solvent to the crystallisation vessel; (d) allowing solid crystals of the water-soluble compound to precipitate from the solution; and (e) discharging precipitated solid crystals of the water-soluble compound from the crystallisation vessel and discharging a solution of non-crystallised water-soluble compound in water-solvent mixture from the crystallisation vessel.

A process for the crystallisation of a water-soluble compound is disclosed. The process comprises (a) providing, in a crystallisation vessel, a solution of the water-soluble compound in a mixture of water and a solvent in which the water-soluble compound has a lower solubility than in water; (b) passing vapor phase of the mixture through a sorption zone containing a water vapor sorbent to selectively adsorb water from the vapor phase; (c) recycling a part of the vapor phase to the crystallisation vessel or withdrawing vapor phase depleted in water from the process and adding solvent to the crystallisation vessel; (d) allowing solid crystals of the water-soluble compound to precipitate from the solution; and (e) discharging precipitated solid crystals of the water-soluble compound from the crystallisation vessel and discharging a solution of non-crystallised water-soluble compound in water-solvent mixture from the crystallisation vessel.

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprise functional groups of structure (S1).

The invention is directed to a method for recovering lactose from an aqueous lactose solution comprising a concentration step, wherein water is removed from the aqueous lactose solution by freezing out water at a temperature below the eutectic temperature of the aqueous lactose solution and at a lactose concentration higher than the eutectic concentration of the aqueous lactose solution, thereby obtaining a concentrated lactose solution; and a crystallization step, wherein at least part of the concentrated lactose solution is subjected to crystallization at a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the concentrated lactose solution, thereby obtaining lactose crystals.

The invention is directed to a method for recovering lactose from an aqueous lactose solution comprising a concentration step, wherein water is removed from the aqueous lactose solution by freezing out water at a temperature below the eutectic temperature of the aqueous lactose solution and at a lactose concentration higher than the eutectic concentration of the aqueous lactose solution, thereby obtaining a concentrated lactose solution; and a crystallization step, wherein at least part of the concentrated lactose solution is subjected to crystallization at a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the concentrated lactose solution, thereby obtaining lactose crystals.

Compositions and methods are presented that reduce the risk for ARDS and/or need for ventilation in a patient diagnosed with a coronavirus, and particularly SARS-CoV-2 virus, a SARS virus, or a MERS virus. In preferred aspects, HMW-HA is administered to the lung before onset of ARDS and/or cytokine storm. Additionally, NAD+ may be co-administered or prophylactically administered where NAD.sup.+levels are low.