A binding syrup composition for formulating food products containing allulose and low sugar syrups is provided. The binding syrup composition overcomes limitations of allulose-containing products including product stickiness and failure to maintain shape and texture of the products. More particularly, the binding syrup compositions described herein contain low sugar syrups with low mono- and di-saccharide content in combination with allulose to provide binding and textural attributes to the allulose-containing food products that are comparable to full sugar products. Food products containing the allulose binding syrup compositions described herein and methods of making the same are also provided. Beneficially, food products having reduced caloric and sugar content are provided when employing the allulose-containing binding syrup compositions described herein.

The present invention relates to a method for producing anhydrous galactose derived from seaweed, and provides an improved production yield rate of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose by using microorganisms during acid treatment, neutralization, and purification after enzymatic hydrolysis, of agarose or agar.

The present invention relates to a method for producing anhydrous galactose derived from seaweed, and provides an improved production yield rate of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose by using microorganisms during acid treatment, neutralization, and purification after enzymatic hydrolysis, of agarose or agar.

The present invention provides ionic liquids (ILs) comprising a carbohydrate anionic moiety and a cationic counter-ion moiety (Q.sup.+) and methods for producing and using the same. In one particular embodiment, the carbohydrate anionic moiety portion of ILs of the present invention is of the formula: (I) wherein G is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, and a derivative thereof; and L is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: (IIA) (IIB) wherein each of R.sup.a, R.sup.b, and R.sup.c is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, or C.sub.2-20 mono- or di-unsaturated alkenyl; A.sup.TM is —CO.sub.2.sup.TM, —PO.sub.3H.sup.TM, or —SO.sub.3.sup.TM; and each of * marked carbon atom is independently a chiral center when said carbon atom has four different groups attached thereto.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides ionic liquids (ILs) comprising a carbohydrate anionic moiety and a cationic counter-ion moiety (Q.sup.+) and methods for producing and using the same. In one particular embodiment, the carbohydrate anionic moiety portion of ILs of the present invention is of the formula: (I) wherein G is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, and a derivative thereof; and L is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: (IIA) (IIB) wherein each of R.sup.a, R.sup.b, and R.sup.c is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, or C.sub.2-20 mono- or di-unsaturated alkenyl; A.sup.TM is —CO.sub.2.sup.TM, —PO.sub.3H.sup.TM, or —SO.sub.3.sup.TM; and each of * marked carbon atom is independently a chiral center when said carbon atom has four different groups attached thereto.

##STR00001##

Provided is a compound of the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

The compound of formula (I) is suitable for treating pulmonary fibrosis, such as Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a mammal. Also provided is a method for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, such as Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a human subject having a galectin-3 level indicative of pulmonary fibrosis or exacerbation of symptoms as well as a method for making said compound.

Provided is a compound of the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

The compound of formula (I) is suitable for treating pulmonary fibrosis, such as Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a mammal. Also provided is a method for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, such as Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a human subject having a galectin-3 level indicative of pulmonary fibrosis or exacerbation of symptoms as well as a method for making said compound.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for the electrochemical detection of enzymes, such as enzymes that are indicative of disease, disorders, or pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, or other disorders. These methods can be used in point-of-care diagnostic assays for the detection of disease, disorder, or pathogen (e.g., to identify the strain of pathogen infecting a patient in a healthcare setting). The electrochemical methods described herein can also be used to assess the susceptibility of a pathogen to an antipathogen drug. Also provided are probes suitable for use in conjunction with the methods described herein.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for the electrochemical detection of enzymes, such as enzymes that are indicative of disease, disorders, or pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, or other disorders. These methods can be used in point-of-care diagnostic assays for the detection of disease, disorder, or pathogen (e.g., to identify the strain of pathogen infecting a patient in a healthcare setting). The electrochemical methods described herein can also be used to assess the susceptibility of a pathogen to an antipathogen drug. Also provided are probes suitable for use in conjunction with the methods described herein.

Provided is a novel compound derived from allulose and a composition comprising the same and having acid resistance.