There are provided compounds of Formula (A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for the prevention or treatment in a mammal of joint and bone disorders such as arthritis and osteoporosis. ##STR00001##

There are provided compounds of Formula (A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for the prevention or treatment in a mammal of joint and bone disorders such as arthritis and osteoporosis. ##STR00001##

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to nucleotide and nucleoside molecules with an optionally substituted 3′vinyl blocking group. Also provided herein are methods to prepare such nucleotide and nucleoside molecules. Additionally, the present disclosure provides methods of using such blocked nucleosides and nucleotides in oligonucleotide synthesis and sequencing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to nucleotide and nucleoside molecules with an optionally substituted 3′vinyl blocking group. Also provided herein are methods to prepare such nucleotide and nucleoside molecules. Additionally, the present disclosure provides methods of using such blocked nucleosides and nucleotides in oligonucleotide synthesis and sequencing.

The present disclosure relates to derivatives of neamine-based aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs modified in position C6′, C2′ and/or C5″. The modifications impart favorable properties regarding activity against ESKAPE pathogens, evasion of resistance traits and increased selectivity, enabling systemic use of the compounds.

The present disclosure relates to derivatives of neamine-based aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs modified in position C6′, C2′ and/or C5″. The modifications impart favorable properties regarding activity against ESKAPE pathogens, evasion of resistance traits and increased selectivity, enabling systemic use of the compounds.

An object of the invention is to provide a method of uniformly and efficiently producing a saccharide having a sulfate group and/or a phosphate group in the molecule, or a compound containing the saccharide. [Solution] The present invention provides a method of producing a saccharide having a sulfate group and/or a phosphate group. The method comprises (a) a step of preparing a first saccharide having a non-protected sulfate group and/or a non-protected phosphate group and a second saccharide having a non-protected sulfate group and/or a non-protected phosphate group and (b) a step of condensing the first saccharide and the second saccharide prepared in the step (a) with each other.

An object of the invention is to provide a method of uniformly and efficiently producing a saccharide having a sulfate group and/or a phosphate group in the molecule, or a compound containing the saccharide. [Solution] The present invention provides a method of producing a saccharide having a sulfate group and/or a phosphate group. The method comprises (a) a step of preparing a first saccharide having a non-protected sulfate group and/or a non-protected phosphate group and a second saccharide having a non-protected sulfate group and/or a non-protected phosphate group and (b) a step of condensing the first saccharide and the second saccharide prepared in the step (a) with each other.

There are provided compounds of Formula (A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for the prevention or treatment in a mammal of joint and bone disorders such as arthritis and osteoporosis.

##STR00001##

There are provided compounds of Formula (A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for the prevention or treatment in a mammal of joint and bone disorders such as arthritis and osteoporosis.

##STR00001##