Multifunctional molecular weight protein ladders and methods of making thereof are disclosed herein that are useful for determining the molecular weight of a test protein and/or the relative mass or amount of the test protein in a protein separation assay, such as gel electrophoresis or western blotting. Also included are compounds of Formula I (e.g., mono acetylated MP-11 NHS ester) that may be used to label purified proteins of the protein ladder. The MP-11 label protein ladder can be detected on a blotting membrane by exposing the microperoxidase to a suitable substrate, such as a chromogenic substrate or a chemiluminescent substrate.

The invention relates to hemin derivatives of general formula (I), preparing and use thereof as antibacterial and/or antiviral agents, including, as a component in a pharmaceutical compositions. Advantages of the antibacterial and antiviral agents based on the hemin derivatives are in their biocompatibility, biodegradability, a high efficacy against resistant bacteria and widespread viruses which are dangerous to humans, and the lack of toxicity. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to hemin derivatives of general formula (I), preparing and use thereof as antibacterial and/or antiviral agents, including, as a component in a pharmaceutical compositions. Advantages of the antibacterial and antiviral agents based on the hemin derivatives are in their biocompatibility, biodegradability, a high efficacy against resistant bacteria and widespread viruses which are dangerous to humans, and the lack of toxicity. ##STR00001##

Described herein is a new antidote for the rapid elimination of carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, including brain, heart, and red cell hemoglobin. The disclosed therapy involves the use of modified human globins, particularly neuroglobins modified at residue 64 and cytoglobins modified at residue 81, which bind carbon monoxide with extremely high affinity. The monomeric mutant globins are infused into blood, where they rapidly and irreversibly sequester carbon monoxide, and thus limit toxic effects of carbon monoxide on cellular respiration and oxygen transport and utilization.

Described herein is a new antidote for the rapid elimination of carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, including brain, heart, and red cell hemoglobin. The disclosed therapy involves the use of modified human globins, particularly neuroglobins modified at residue 64 and cytoglobins modified at residue 81, which bind carbon monoxide with extremely high affinity. The monomeric mutant globins are infused into blood, where they rapidly and irreversibly sequester carbon monoxide, and thus limit toxic effects of carbon monoxide on cellular respiration and oxygen transport and utilization.

In vitro and in vivo methods of removing carbon monoxide from hemoglobin in blood or animal tissue are described. Methods of treating carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning) in a subject are also described. The methods include administering natural or artificial oxygen carriers that are in their reduced form. Methods of producing a reduced oxygen carrier are further described. Methods of treating cyanide poisoning or hydrogen sulfide poisoning with oxygen carriers are also described.

In vitro and in vivo methods of removing carbon monoxide from hemoglobin in blood or animal tissue are described. Methods of treating carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning) in a subject are also described. The methods include administering natural or artificial oxygen carriers that are in their reduced form. Methods of producing a reduced oxygen carrier are further described. Methods of treating cyanide poisoning or hydrogen sulfide poisoning with oxygen carriers are also described.

The present invention generally relates to photocatalytic systems comprising graphene and associated methods. Some embodiments are directed to systems comprising one or more layers of graphene having a first surface and a second, opposed surface. A light-absorbing complex may be associated with the first surface of the one or more graphene layers, and an electron donor complex may be associated with the light-absorbing complex. A catalytic complex may be associated with the first surface or the second surface of the one or more graphene layers. For example, the catalytic complex may catalyze the formation of hydrogen gas, NADH, and/or NADPH.

The present invention relates to novel proteins that specifically bind to the ferritin. The novel proteins of the present invention are advanced and powerful tools because they allow precise purification methods of ferritin, for example via affinity chromatography. Further, the binding protein for ferritin is useful for methods to analyze the presence of ferritin.

The present invention relates to novel proteins that specifically bind to the ferritin. The novel proteins of the present invention are advanced and powerful tools because they allow precise purification methods of ferritin, for example via affinity chromatography. Further, the binding protein for ferritin is useful for methods to analyze the presence of ferritin.