This application relates to nanoparticles, including nanoparticles derived from a plasma, and their use in the formation of conjugates. The nanoparticles can be stably conjugated to a wide variety of second species, forming conjugates which can be used, for example, in therapeutic, diagnostic and experimental methods.

Disclosed herein are modified polyvinyl chloride polymers and oligomers, and methods of making the same. The modified polymers can be obtained via electrochemical reduction of polyvinyl chloride polymers. In some instances the modified polyvinyl chloride polymer is a crosslinked polymer, and in some instances the modified polyvinyl chloride polymer is a block copolymer. Disclosed herein are methods for selectively introducing various functional groups into a polyvinyl chloride polymer.

A novel polymers production process, often with fuels/chemicals as by-products. The invention consists of device, addition polymerization, condensation polymerization, process with piping, control and procedure. The device is a mechanical design to continuously remove solid deposit, conductive or not, on electrode surface. Besides overcoming the limitation of electrochemical polymer production where the products blocks the electrode from further operation, the device provides cheaper operation for electrometallurgy to harvest the valuable metals formed on electrode. The novel process allows retrofitting conventional polymer production process by replacing conventional reactor with electrochemical reactor, for low-cost rapid implementation. The novel reactions consist of addition reaction to produce addition polymers; and intermolecular reaction to produce classes of condensation polymers. The clusters of invention enable valuable polymers and chemicals to be produced at low cost for milder conditions and cheaper equipment, while allowing utilization of alternative feedstock especially chemical wastes, for further environmental and economic benefits.

There is described a process for forming a conformal film of conducting polymer onto one or more surfaces of a substrate by polymerising onto the one or more surfaces in a single step one or more conducting polymer precursors including one or more monomers in the presence of conductivity enhancing additives comprising one or more ionic liquids and one or more optional ionic dopants.

There is described a process for forming a conformal film of conducting polymer onto one or more surfaces of a substrate by polymerising onto the one or more surfaces in a single step one or more conducting polymer precursors including one or more monomers in the presence of conductivity enhancing additives comprising one or more ionic liquids and one or more optional ionic dopants.

A method of forming a compound having the formula (I): (I) includes the reaction: (II) in the presence of a base, wherein X is a halo atom selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I.

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A method of forming a compound having the formula (I): (I) includes the reaction: (II) in the presence of a base, wherein X is a halo atom selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I.

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This application relates to nanoparticles, including nanoparticles derived from a plasma, and their use in the formation of conjugates. The nanoparticles can be stably conjugated to a wide variety of second species, forming conjugates which can be used, for example, in therapeutic, diagnostic and experimental methods.

Provided are an all solid state secondary battery having a positive electrode active material layer, an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode active material layer in this order, in which at least one layer of the positive electrode active material layer, the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, or the negative electrode active material layer includes an electrolytic polymerizable compound and an inorganic solid electrolyte, in which the electrolytic polymerizable compound is an electrolytic polymerizable compound having a molecular weight of less than 1,000 which is represented by any one of Formulae (1) to (5) below, and the inorganic solid electrolyte contains a metal belonging to Group I or II of the periodic table and has an ion conductivity of the metal being contained, an electrode sheet for a battery, and method for manufacturing an electrode sheet for a battery and an all solid state secondary battery. ##STR00001## Reference signals each independently represent a specific atom, substituent, or linking group.

Provided are an all solid state secondary battery having a positive electrode active material layer, an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode active material layer in this order, in which at least one layer of the positive electrode active material layer, the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, or the negative electrode active material layer includes an electrolytic polymerizable compound and an inorganic solid electrolyte, in which the electrolytic polymerizable compound is an electrolytic polymerizable compound having a molecular weight of less than 1,000 which is represented by any one of Formulae (1) to (5) below, and the inorganic solid electrolyte contains a metal belonging to Group I or II of the periodic table and has an ion conductivity of the metal being contained, an electrode sheet for a battery, and method for manufacturing an electrode sheet for a battery and an all solid state secondary battery. ##STR00001## Reference signals each independently represent a specific atom, substituent, or linking group.