To provide a polymerization initiator composition for a fluorinated polymer which will not destroy ozone layer and which has less influence over polymerization of a monomer for a fluorinated polymer, and a method for producing a fluorinated polymer by which a fluorinated polymer having a sufficient molecular weight can be obtained.

An initiator composition for a fluorinated polymer, which comprises an organic peroxide, and a saturated hydrocarbon compound having at least one tertiary or quaternary carbon atom, and a method for producing a fluorinated polymer using the polymerization initiator composition, and a polymerization method comprising a step of recovering a polymerization solvent and a step of separating the saturated hydrocarbon compound from the recovered polymerization solvent.

To provide a liquid composition with which a catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane will hardly be broken at the time of their formation and a method for producing the liquid composition; and a method for producing a membrane/electrode assembly by which a catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane will hardly be broken at the time of their formation.

A liquid composition comprising a polymer having ion exchange groups, water and an organic solvent, wherein the average secondary particle size of the polymer having ion exchange groups is from 100 to 3,000 nm, and the primary particle size parameter represented by the product of the average primary particle size (nm) and the ion exchange capacity (meq/g dry resin) of the polymer having ion exchange groups, is from 12 to 20.

An adhesive composition includes a coupling agent composed of a compound having a first functional group that reacts with an inorganic material and a second functional group that reacts with an organic material, and a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with a crosslinking site of a fluorine-based elastomer. A seal structure body includes a metallic support, fluorine-based elastomer and adhesive composition that causes fluorine-based elastomer to adhere to metallic support. A method for manufacturing seal structure body includes the steps of providing metallic support and fluorine-based elastomer, and causing fluorine-based elastomer to adhere to metallic support by using adhesive composition. Accordingly, an adhesive composition with high adhesion strength as well as a seal structure body and a method for manufacturing the same are provided at low cost.

A battery cell which includes at least one negative electrode, at least one positive electrode, and at least one electrolyte, the battery cell further including at least one electroactive material which may be prompted to undergo a change in volume and/or shape by way of an application of a voltage. A battery is also described which includes at least one battery cell, the battery further including at least one electroactive material which may be prompted to undergo a change in volume and/or shape by way of an application of a voltage. A method is also described for compensating for changes in volume and/or shape in a battery cell and in a battery.

To provide a process for producing a fluorinated polymer having a cyclic structure at a relatively low cost, by efficiently recovering, from a mixture containing a fluorinated polymer obtained by polymerizing a perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure and an unreacted perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure, the unreacted perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure. A monomer component containing a perfluoromonomer having a specific cyclic structure is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator at a predetermined polymerization temperature to obtain a mixture containing a fluorinated polymer and an unreacted cyclic structure monomer, and the perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure is recovered from the mixture at a temperature of at most the maximum ultimate temperature of the polymerization temperature+12 C. and at most the 10 hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator+12 C. under a pressure of less than the atmospheric pressure.

Medical instrument including a substrate using a fluorine-containing cyclic olefin polymer containing a structural unit represented by General Formula (1), in which the substrate has one surface where the substrate comes into contact with cells, and the substrate is provided with a convex-concave structure on the one surface, a ratio (L1/L2) of a width (L1) between convexities formed by the convex-concave structure and a maximum diameter (L2) of inoculated cells per cell in the cells is 1 to 300, and the cells do not adhere to or attach to the one surface provided with the convex-concave structure and the medical instrument promotes cell proliferation.

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wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are defined.

A method of producing an electrolyte membrane includes providing a dispersion solution that has a crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and a linear perfluorinated ionomer material dispersed in a carrier fluid or mixture carrier fluids. The crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or less with respect to proton exchange acid groups. The linear perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or more with respect to proton exchange as acid groups. At least a portion of the carrier fluid or fluids is removed from the dispersion solution to thereby form an electrolyte membrane with the crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and the linear perfluorinated ionomer material.

A method of producing an electrolyte membrane includes providing a dispersion solution that has a crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and a linear perfluorinated ionomer material dispersed in a carrier fluid or mixture carrier fluids. The crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or less with respect to proton exchange acid groups. The linear perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or more with respect to proton exchange as acid groups. At least a portion of the carrier fluid or fluids is removed from the dispersion solution to thereby form an electrolyte membrane with the crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and the linear perfluorinated ionomer material.

A proton exchange material includes a linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain and a side chain extending off of the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The side chain includes at least one sulfonimide group, SO2-NHSO2-, and a carbon chain link between the at least one sulfonimide group and the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The carbon chain link has less than three carbon atoms.

A proton exchange material includes a linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain and a side chain extending off of the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The side chain includes at least one sulfonimide group, SO2-NHSO2-, and a carbon chain link between the at least one sulfonimide group and the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The carbon chain link has less than three carbon atoms.