A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) having 5 or more ring structures in its main chain and a polymer (B) of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) having 5 or more ring structures in its main chain, which inhibits occurrence of an orientation defect of a liquid crystal compound and exhibits excellent storage stability when dissolved in a solvent is provided.

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

The present invention relates to a process, an apparatus and photoswitchable photoinitiators for locally polymerizing a starting material by dual color photopolymerization and a method for volumetric printing of a shaped body (xolography). In particular, photoinitiators are provided, which cause raring of photopolymerizable formulations upon irradiation with two different wavelengths and which maybe used for volumetric printing (xolocure initiators).

A compound having a group represented by formula (Ia): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, ring W represents a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, and * represents a binding site.

A compound having a group represented by formula (Ia): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, ring W represents a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, and * represents a binding site.

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer.

The present disclosure relates to an optical laminate or a reddening-resistant layer. The present disclosure can provide an optical laminate that does not cause a so-called reddening phenomenon even when driven or maintained under extremely harsh conditions (e.g., very high temperature conditions), or a reddening-resistant layer applied thereto.

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer.

Provided is a curable-type composition, including a methylene malonate compound, a Lewis acidic compound, and a photo base generator.

Provided is a curable-type composition, including a methylene malonate compound, a Lewis acidic compound, and a photo base generator.