A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including at least one of sulfonyl compounds expressed by R(—S(═O).sub.2—Rf).sub.n, where R represents an n-valent hydrocarbon group including one or two or more aliphatic hydrocarbon rings, Rf includes one of a halogen group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

The present invention relates to perfluoropyridine derived aromatic monomers and processes of making and using same. Such monomers can be easily and selectively functionalized and yet still synthesized by an efficient and environmentally friendly pathway. In addition, such monomers can be used to produce polymers with highly satisfactory char yields.

The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) 100 phr of a solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber having a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 85 C. to 50 C.; (B) from 1 to 30 phr of a process oil; (C) from 20 to 80 phr of a hydrocarbon resin having a Tg of at least 30 C.; and (D) from 90 to 150 phr of silica.

The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) 100 phr of a solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber having a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 85 C. to 50 C.; (B) from 1 to 30 phr of a process oil; (C) from 20 to 80 phr of a hydrocarbon resin having a Tg of at least 30 C.; and (D) from 90 to 150 phr of silica.

A highly efficient, Z-selective ring-closing metathesis system for the formation of macrocycles using a stereoretentive, ruthenium-based catalyst supported by a dithiolate ligand is reported. This catalyst is demonstrated to be remarkably active as observed in initiation experiments showing complete catalyst initiation at 20 C. within 10 min. Using easily accessible diene starting materials bearing a Z-olefin moiety, macrocyclization reactions generated products with significantly higher Z-selectivity in appreciably shorter reaction times, in higher yield, and with much lower catalyst loadings than in previously reported systems. Macrocyclic lactones ranging in size from twelve-membered to seventeen-membered rings are synthesized in moderate to high yields (68-79% yield) with excellent Z-selectivity (95%-99% Z).

Provided is a new method that effectively reduces odor components that are present in a hydrogenated petroleum resin, and adjusts a softening point to an appropriate range for exhibiting an adhesive performance.

A method for deodorizing a hydrogenated petroleum resin, includes stripping a hydrogenated petroleum resin at a gas flow rate of 1 to 45 VVM.

Provided is a new method that effectively reduces odor components that are present in a hydrogenated petroleum resin, and adjusts a softening point to an appropriate range for exhibiting an adhesive performance.

A method for deodorizing a hydrogenated petroleum resin, includes stripping a hydrogenated petroleum resin at a gas flow rate of 1 to 45 VVM.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of polycyclic aromatic compounds and methods of making and using the same. Various different types of polycyclic ring systems are disclosed, including, but not limited to, polymeric aromatic compounds (e.g., nanographene compounds), pentacene-like compounds, chiral aromatic compounds, asymmetric arene compounds formed from naphthalene-, anthracene-, phenanthrene-, and pyrene-based starting compounds, and dimerized aromatic compounds. Also disclosed herein are novel benzannulation-based methods for making the disclosed polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of polycyclic aromatic compounds and methods of making and using the same. Various different types of polycyclic ring systems are disclosed, including, but not limited to, polymeric aromatic compounds (e.g., nanographene compounds), pentacene-like compounds, chiral aromatic compounds, asymmetric arene compounds formed from naphthalene-, anthracene-, phenanthrene-, and pyrene-based starting compounds, and dimerized aromatic compounds. Also disclosed herein are novel benzannulation-based methods for making the disclosed polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a procatalyst, a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more monomers which undergo vinyl addition polymerization when said composition is exposed to suitable UV irradiation and heated to a temperature from 50 C. to 100 C. to form a substantially transparent film. The monomers employed therein have a range of refractive index from 1.4 to 1.6 and thus these compositions can be tailored to form transparent films of varied refractive indices. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.