The present invention provides an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition in which fewer defects are generated in any development treatment of alkali development and organic solvent development, a pattern forming method, a method for manufacturing an electronic device, and a resin. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention includes a resin having a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, and a photoacid generator.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition in which fewer defects are generated in any development treatment of alkali development and organic solvent development, a pattern forming method, a method for manufacturing an electronic device, and a resin. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention includes a resin having a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, and a photoacid generator.

##STR00001##

A polymer composition may include a polymer produced from ethylene, one or more branched vinyl ester monomers, and optionally, vinyl acetate; wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from 5 to 10,000 kDa, and a molecular weight distribution ranging from 1 to 60, obtained by GPC.

A polymer composition may include a polymer produced from ethylene, one or more branched vinyl ester monomers, and optionally, vinyl acetate; wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from 5 to 10,000 kDa, and a molecular weight distribution ranging from 1 to 60, obtained by GPC.

A polymer composition may include a polymer produced from ethylene, and one or more vinyl carbonyl monomers having the general structure (I):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aralkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, carboxamino(alkyl), (cyano)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkoxy, substituted aryl, and substituted heterocycles; and Y and Z are independently selected from a group consisting of O, (CR.sup.5aR.sup.5b), (CHR.sup.6a)—R.sup.6b, phenylene, CH—OR.sup.7, and NR.sup.8, wherein R.sup.5a, R.sup.5b, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, and R.sup.8 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, CH.sub.2, and alkyl, and wherein R.sup.7 is independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; hydroxyl; alkyl; linear ether; cyclic ether; Si(R.sup.9).sub.3, wherein R.sup.9 is independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and alkyl; and (C═O)—R.sup.10, wherein R.sup.10 is an alkyl; and R.sup.4 is independently selected from a group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aralkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, carboxamino(alkyl), (cyano)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkoxy, substituted aryl, and substituted heterocycles, where the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) ranging from 5 kDa to 10000 kDa obtained by GPC.

A polymer composition may include a polymer produced from ethylene, and one or more vinyl carbonyl monomers having the general structure (I):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aralkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, carboxamino(alkyl), (cyano)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkoxy, substituted aryl, and substituted heterocycles; and Y and Z are independently selected from a group consisting of O, (CR.sup.5aR.sup.5b), (CHR.sup.6a)—R.sup.6b, phenylene, CH—OR.sup.7, and NR.sup.8, wherein R.sup.5a, R.sup.5b, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, and R.sup.8 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, CH.sub.2, and alkyl, and wherein R.sup.7 is independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; hydroxyl; alkyl; linear ether; cyclic ether; Si(R.sup.9).sub.3, wherein R.sup.9 is independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and alkyl; and (C═O)—R.sup.10, wherein R.sup.10 is an alkyl; and R.sup.4 is independently selected from a group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aralkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, carboxamino(alkyl), (cyano)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkoxy, substituted aryl, and substituted heterocycles, where the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) ranging from 5 kDa to 10000 kDa obtained by GPC.

Disclosed are a heavy oil activator, a preparation method and use thereof. The heavy oil activator has a structural formula shown in Formula (1). In Formula (1), x, y, z, m, and n are respectively mass fractions of corresponding chain segments in the polymer, m being 0.75-0.85, y being 0.20-0.24, and x, z, and n all being 0.001-0.01; and p is a natural number between 2 and 9. The activating polymer provided has the effects of increasing viscosity of an aqueous phase while reducing viscosity of crude oil, and can serve both as a displacing agent and a viscosity reducer to realize integration of the two agents. The activating polymer can increase viscosity of an aqueous phase, has a displacement effect, can emulsify and disperse crude oil, and increase fluidity of a mixed phase; the dispersed crude oil continues to interact with crude oil that has not contacted the polymer, and the aqueous phase interacts with the mixed oil phase as well as new oil, by way of which continuous interactions, more crude oil can be constantly produced. The activating polymer has a relatively low interfacial tension and exhibits a certain degree of oil washing capability.

Disclosed are a heavy oil activator, a preparation method and use thereof. The heavy oil activator has a structural formula shown in Formula (1). In Formula (1), x, y, z, m, and n are respectively mass fractions of corresponding chain segments in the polymer, m being 0.75-0.85, y being 0.20-0.24, and x, z, and n all being 0.001-0.01; and p is a natural number between 2 and 9. The activating polymer provided has the effects of increasing viscosity of an aqueous phase while reducing viscosity of crude oil, and can serve both as a displacing agent and a viscosity reducer to realize integration of the two agents. The activating polymer can increase viscosity of an aqueous phase, has a displacement effect, can emulsify and disperse crude oil, and increase fluidity of a mixed phase; the dispersed crude oil continues to interact with crude oil that has not contacted the polymer, and the aqueous phase interacts with the mixed oil phase as well as new oil, by way of which continuous interactions, more crude oil can be constantly produced. The activating polymer has a relatively low interfacial tension and exhibits a certain degree of oil washing capability.

An aqueous emulsion is made by emulsion polymerizing at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer and one or more di- or higher-functional chain-extending monomers in the presence of an aqueous solution of an oligomer made from a mixture of free-radically polymerizable monomers including acid-functional free-radically polymerizable comonomers, adhesion-promoting free-radically polymerizable comonomers and other free-radically polymerizable comonomers. The aqueous emulsion is substantially free of adipic dihydrazide, has a minimum film forming temperature55 C., and on drying has a Koenig hardness of at least 40 sec.

An aqueous emulsion is made by emulsion polymerizing at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer and one or more di- or higher-functional chain-extending monomers in the presence of an aqueous solution of an oligomer made from a mixture of free-radically polymerizable monomers including acid-functional free-radically polymerizable comonomers, adhesion-promoting free-radically polymerizable comonomers and other free-radically polymerizable comonomers. The aqueous emulsion is substantially free of adipic dihydrazide, has a minimum film forming temperature55 C., and on drying has a Koenig hardness of at least 40 sec.