Embodiments described herein relate to flat optical devices and encapsulation materials for flat optical devices. One or more embodiments include a substrate having a first arrangement of a first plurality of pillars formed thereon. The first arrangement of the first plurality of pillars includes pillars having a height h and a lateral distance d. The first arrangement of the first plurality of pillars includes a gap g corresponding to a distance between adjacent pillars of the first plurality of pillars. An aspect ratio of the gap g to the height h is between about 1:1 and about 1:20. A first adhesion-promoting material is disposed over the first arrangement of the first plurality of pillars. A first encapsulation layer is disposed over the first adhesion-promoting material. The first encapsulation layer fills the gap g between adjacent pillars of the first plurality of pillars. The first encapsulation layer includes a fluoropolymer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a modified vinyl alcohol polymer having a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, the polymer having notably improved water solubility as compared with a pre-modified vinyl alcohol polymer. A modified vinyl alcohol polymer (A) has in a side chain thereof a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and in the modified vinyl alcohol polymer (A), a degree of modification with the sulfonic acid group or the salt thereof is 0.01 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, and a block character of residual vinyl ester units is 0.55 or more and 1 or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a modified vinyl alcohol polymer having a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, the polymer having notably improved water solubility as compared with a pre-modified vinyl alcohol polymer. A modified vinyl alcohol polymer (A) has in a side chain thereof a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and in the modified vinyl alcohol polymer (A), a degree of modification with the sulfonic acid group or the salt thereof is 0.01 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, and a block character of residual vinyl ester units is 0.55 or more and 1 or less.

The present invention provides a resin composition having a high level of processability, which is a resin composition including a saponified ethylene-vinyl ester-based copolymer (A), a layered inorganic compound (B), and a carbonic acid salt (C) (provided that the carbonic acid salt (C) excludes the layered inorganic compound (B)).

The present invention provides a resin composition having a high level of processability, which is a resin composition including a saponified ethylene-vinyl ester-based copolymer (A), a layered inorganic compound (B), and a carbonic acid salt (C) (provided that the carbonic acid salt (C) excludes the layered inorganic compound (B)).

A light-emitting packaging device includes a substrate, a light-emitting diode (LED) chip, an optical element, and a covering member. The LED chip is disposed on the substrate. The optical element is spacedly disposed on the LED chip opposite to the substrate, and has an upper surface and a lower surface that are respectively distal from and proximal to the LED chip. The covering member is made from a fluorine-containing resin, and is configured to cover the LED chip and at least a portion of the upper surface of the optical element.

A light-emitting packaging device includes a substrate, a light-emitting diode (LED) chip, an optical element, and a covering member. The LED chip is disposed on the substrate. The optical element is spacedly disposed on the LED chip opposite to the substrate, and has an upper surface and a lower surface that are respectively distal from and proximal to the LED chip. The covering member is made from a fluorine-containing resin, and is configured to cover the LED chip and at least a portion of the upper surface of the optical element.

A composite material comprises a reinforcing material carried in a polymer matrix material which is the polymerization product of a polymerizable composition comprising a di-activated vinyl compound, with the proviso that the di-activated vinyl compound is not a cyanoacrylate. The reinforcing materials may be a wide variety of substrates including thermally sensitive materials. Exemplary composites can be molded and cured at ambient temperatures. Also disclosed are laminate materials having layered materials adhered by curing a di-activated vinyl polymerizable composition.

Provided are particulate polyvinyl alcohol-based diverting agents for use in subterranean treatments, which are prepared by compacting a specified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer optionally with certain specified additives and optionally other polyvinyl alcohols.

Provided are particulate polyvinyl alcohol-based diverting agents for use in subterranean treatments, which are prepared by compacting a specified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer optionally with certain specified additives and optionally other polyvinyl alcohols.