[Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film having good transparency and good releasability from a support with less surfactant content.

[Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and surfactant, wherein a content of the surfactant is 0.005 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a ratio S(0)/S(32) of an abundance amount S(0) of the surfactant on at least one surface of the water-soluble film to an abundance amount S(32) of the surfactant on a cross-section surface at a depth of 32 nm from the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, measured by a count number of fragment ions derived from the surfactant detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, is in the range of 100 to 500.

[Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film having good transparency and good releasability from a support with less surfactant content.

[Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and surfactant, wherein a content of the surfactant is 0.005 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a ratio S(0)/S(32) of an abundance amount S(0) of the surfactant on at least one surface of the water-soluble film to an abundance amount S(32) of the surfactant on a cross-section surface at a depth of 32 nm from the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, measured by a count number of fragment ions derived from the surfactant detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, is in the range of 100 to 500.

Disclosed is a composition for non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer which comprises a particulate polymer and a binder, wherein the particulate polymer comprises 5% to 50% by mass of a (meth)acrylonitrile monomer unit and 0.1% to 3.5% by mass of a cross-linkable monomer unit. Also disclosed is a non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer prepared by using the composition for non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer. Also disclosed is a laminate which comprises a substrate and the non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer disposed on at least one side of the substrate either directly or indirectly through one or more other layers. Also disclosed is a non-aqueous secondary battery wherein at least one of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator comprises the non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer.

Disclosed is a composition for non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer which comprises a particulate polymer and a binder, wherein the particulate polymer comprises 5% to 50% by mass of a (meth)acrylonitrile monomer unit and 0.1% to 3.5% by mass of a cross-linkable monomer unit. Also disclosed is a non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer prepared by using the composition for non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer. Also disclosed is a laminate which comprises a substrate and the non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer disposed on at least one side of the substrate either directly or indirectly through one or more other layers. Also disclosed is a non-aqueous secondary battery wherein at least one of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator comprises the non-aqueous secondary battery adhesive layer.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A resin composition including a maleimide copolymer (A), a graft copolymer (B), and a vinyl copolymer (C), and with respect to a total amount of 100 parts by mass of the maleimide copolymer (A), the graft copolymer (B) and the vinyl copolymer (C), a total content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit is 55 to 65 parts by mass, a total content of the vinyl cyanide monomer unit is 15 to 27 parts by mass, a total content of the maleimide monomer unit is 3 to 15 parts by mass, and a total content of the conjugated diene monomer unit is 10 to 20 parts by mass, and the melt mass flow rate under conditions of 220° C. and a load of 98 N is 3 to 23 g/10 min.

A resin composition including a maleimide copolymer (A), a graft copolymer (B), and a vinyl copolymer (C), and with respect to a total amount of 100 parts by mass of the maleimide copolymer (A), the graft copolymer (B) and the vinyl copolymer (C), a total content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit is 55 to 65 parts by mass, a total content of the vinyl cyanide monomer unit is 15 to 27 parts by mass, a total content of the maleimide monomer unit is 3 to 15 parts by mass, and a total content of the conjugated diene monomer unit is 10 to 20 parts by mass, and the melt mass flow rate under conditions of 220° C. and a load of 98 N is 3 to 23 g/10 min.

Curable formulations, cured formulations, and mixtures and composites thereof which are solvent and/or water soluble or solvent and/or water degradable are described, as well as methods of making and using the formulations, mixtures, and composites. Patterned structures formed from curable formulations, which are solvent soluble, are also described. Such curable formulations and the patterned structures formed therefrom can be used to manufacture articles or products.