The invention relates to an unsaturated polyester resin composition comprising: —a (meth)acrylate compound; and, —a polyester formed from at least: —reagent a) comprising itaconic acid and/or itaconic anhydride; —reagent b) comprising maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and/or fumaric acid; —reagent c) comprising dicyclopentadiene (DCPD); and, —reagent d) comprising at least one di- or poly-functional alcohol, preferably at least one diol; wherein the combined weight of reagent a) (i.e. the combined weight of itaconic acid and/or itaconic anhydride) is at least 10 wt. %, preferably at least 20 wt. %, of the total weight of di-acids and anhydrides used in the unsaturated polyester resin composition. The invention further relates to use of said unsaturated polyester resin for structural parts and for gel-coats. The invention also provides methods for preparing said unsaturated polyester resin composition.

A polyvinyl alcohol-based resin composition including a modified vinyl alcohol-based polymer (A) in which a polyoxyalkylene unit represented by a general formula (I) is bonded to a polyvinyl alcohol chain and a modified vinyl alcohol-based polymer (B) having a double bond in a polyvinyl alcohol chain.

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(In which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. N represents a number of repeating units and is an integer of 5≤n≤70.)

A polyvinyl alcohol-based resin composition including a modified vinyl alcohol-based polymer (A) in which a polyoxyalkylene unit represented by a general formula (I) is bonded to a polyvinyl alcohol chain and a modified vinyl alcohol-based polymer (B) having a double bond in a polyvinyl alcohol chain.

##STR00001##

(In which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. N represents a number of repeating units and is an integer of 5≤n≤70.)

Methods for forming latexes are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises adding a monomer emulsion comprising water, a monomer, an acidic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, a first reactive surfactant, and a chain transfer agent, to a reactive surfactant solution comprising water, a second reactive surfactant, and an initiator, at a feed rate over a period of time so that monomers of the monomer emulsion undergo polymerization reactions to form resin particles in a latex. The reactive surfactant solution does not comprise monomers other than the second reactive surfactant, the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise a resin seed, and the monomer emulsion does not comprise the resin seed. The latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature. The latexes are also provided.

A photoinitiated polymerizable composition for 3D printing, the polymerizable composition comprising a nanogel component that comprises nanogel particles, wherein the nanogel particles comprise a copolymer with polymerizable reactive groups suitable for reacting with each other or a reactive diluent monomer, a reactive oligomer, a resin, or a combination thereof that is present in the polymerizable composition upon photoinitiation, wherein the nanogel component has a glass transition temperature that is in a range of about −50 C and about 20 C and an average molecular weight that is in a range of about 10 kg/mol and about 100 kg/mol, and wherein the nanoparticles have an average hydrodynamic radius that is in a range of 1 nm to about 5 nm.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbon fiber. In the method for producing the carbon fiber, a high pure acrylonitrile monomer with specific contents of impurities and a comonomer are used to produce an acrylonitrile copolymer, and the acrylonitrile copolymer is subjected to a spinning operation, a stretching operation, an oxidation treatment and a carbonization treatment in sequence, for obtaining the carbon fiber. The acrylonitrile copolymer with an appropriate falling-ball viscosity and an appropriate weight-average molecular weight is beneficial to the spinning operation, thereby reducing an inner pore diameter and enhancing strength of the resulted carbon fiber.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbon fiber. In the method for producing the carbon fiber, a high pure acrylonitrile monomer with specific contents of impurities and a comonomer are used to produce an acrylonitrile copolymer, and the acrylonitrile copolymer is subjected to a spinning operation, a stretching operation, an oxidation treatment and a carbonization treatment in sequence, for obtaining the carbon fiber. The acrylonitrile copolymer with an appropriate falling-ball viscosity and an appropriate weight-average molecular weight is beneficial to the spinning operation, thereby reducing an inner pore diameter and enhancing strength of the resulted carbon fiber.

The present invention provides an epoxy resin composition that is provided with flexibility to combine impact resistance and mechanical strength, while maintaining epoxy resin-specific high elastic modulus, that reduces an increase in viscosity due to mixing, and that is excellent in heat resistance, storage stability, and solvent resistance. Provided is an epoxy resin composition containing: a modified polyvinyl acetal resin having a constitutional unit with an acid-modified group; a reactive diluent; and an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin composition having a sea-island phase separated structure after being cured.

The present invention provides an epoxy resin composition that is provided with flexibility to combine impact resistance and mechanical strength, while maintaining epoxy resin-specific high elastic modulus, that reduces an increase in viscosity due to mixing, and that is excellent in heat resistance, storage stability, and solvent resistance. Provided is an epoxy resin composition containing: a modified polyvinyl acetal resin having a constitutional unit with an acid-modified group; a reactive diluent; and an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin composition having a sea-island phase separated structure after being cured.

A rubber composition for golf balls includes (A) a base rubber, (B) an acrylate ester or methacrylate ester containing an isocyanate group or a blocked isocyanate group, (C) diacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid or a metal salt thereof, and (D) an organic peroxide. In a golf ball having a core formed of the rubber composition and a cover of one or more layers which encases the core, the rubber composition exhibits a spin rate-lowering effect on shots and can thus improve the flight performance of the ball.