A method is described for selecting a treatment additive for aqueous systems, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A method is described for selecting a treatment additive for aqueous systems, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A method is described for selecting a treatment additive for aqueous systems, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A process is disclosed for preparing a pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel. The process (A) provides an oligomeric precursor, the oligomeric precursor comprising a polyether moiety endcapped with ethylenic unsaturation, the oligomeric precursor being associated with methacrylic acid; (B) provides an ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of difunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer, difunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer and combinations of the foregoing; (C) provides a thiol; and (D) free radically curing a mixture of the oligomeric precursor, the ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking agent, and the thiol in water in the presence of the methacrylic acid at a pH between about 3.5 and about 9 to provide the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel.

A process is disclosed for preparing a pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel. The process (A) provides an oligomeric precursor, the oligomeric precursor comprising a polyether moiety endcapped with ethylenic unsaturation, the oligomeric precursor being associated with methacrylic acid; (B) provides an ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of difunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer, difunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer and combinations of the foregoing; (C) provides a thiol; and (D) free radically curing a mixture of the oligomeric precursor, the ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking agent, and the thiol in water in the presence of the methacrylic acid at a pH between about 3.5 and about 9 to provide the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel.

A multi-component ionomer, wherein, in a multi-component copolymer (D) comprising, as essential constitutional units, a structural unit (A) derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene and an α-olefin containing 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a structural unit (B) derived from a monomer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and a dicarboxylic anhydride group, and a structural unit (C) derived from a specific acyclic monomer, at least a part of at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and a dicarboxylic anhydride group of the structural unit (B) is converted into a specific metal-containing carboxylate, and wherein a phase angle δ at which an absolute value G* of a complex modulus measured with a rotational rheometer is 0.1 MPa (G*=0.1 MPa) is from 50 degrees to 75 degrees.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A treatment additive for aqueous systems is described, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

A preparation method of a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer is provided, including: mixing a superplasticizer monomer with water to produce a mixture, heating and melting the mixture to produce a melt system; carrying out a bulk polymerization reaction by adding an initiator, a chain transfer agent and an unsaturated carboxylic acid into the melt system, forming a polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor; and neutralizing and pulverizing the polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor to produce a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Water is added in the bulk polymerization and reacts with the superplasticizer monomer and the unsaturated carboxylic acid. While the bulk polymerization reaction is guaranteed to be efficiently carried out and the solid polycarboxylate superplasticizer is formed, the viscosity of a bulk polymerization reaction system is reduced. The superplasticizer is suitable for dry-mixed mortar, high-efficiency concrete and other products.