Provided are a curable composition that provides a cured film excellent in antifogging properties, an antifogging coating agent containing the composition, and a cured film formed from a cured product of the composition. A curable composition according to an embodiment of the invention contains a (meth)acrylate compound (A), and a surfactant (B), wherein the component (A) contains a (meth)acrylate compound (A1) having an HLB value of 15.2 or more, and the content of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) is 0.1 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less.

A surface covering is provided. The surface covering includes a laminated panel having top layer and an ultra-violet (UV) curable surface coating applied to the laminated panel. The ultra-violet (UV) curable surface coating has a composition with an oligomer, a monomer, a photoinitiator, abrasive resistant particles, and an antimicrobial additive.

An adhesive composition, an adhesive layer, and a display apparatus for a three-dimensional (3D) head-up display (HUD) including the adhesive layer are provided. The adhesive composition may include an acrylic acid ester-based monomer, an acrylic acid-based monomer, an initiator, and a curing agent.

Compounds of formula (I) are photoinitiators or photosensitizers in a photopolymerizable composition: ##STR00001##
R.sub.1 represents a monovalent, linear, branched or cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with substituent(s) selected from —Cl, —Br, —OH, ═O, —NH—CO—OR.sub.2, —NH—CO—R.sub.2 or free-radically or ionically polymerizable groups. Each R.sub.2 is independently —H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; n is ≥1. If n=1, Z and Y are absent and X represents —OR.sub.3; if n is >1, Z represents —OR.sub.4—, Y represents —OR.sub.5— and X represents —H or —OH. R.sub.3 represents —H or R.sub.1; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each independently represent a bivalent hydrocarbon group. The polymerizable moieties as optional substituents of R.sub.1 are polymerizable double or triple bonds, lactam, lactone and epoxide moieties, which are subjectable to ring-opening polymerization; and two of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 may be linked to one another to form a ring or a dimer.

(Object) When a cyclocarbonate group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer is applied for a polymer used as a paint or the like, it is to provide the cyclocarbonate group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer in which the increase of the viscosity over time is suppressed so that it can used stably for a long time.
(Solution) It is provided a cyclocarbonate group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer (A) represented by a formula (1) as follows, wherein a content of di(meth)acrylate monomer (B) represented by a formula (2) as follows is 3 weight % or lower.

##STR00001##

(R.sup.1 represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having a number of carbons of 2 to 10, and X is 0 or 1.)

##STR00002##

(R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.4 represents an alkyl group having a number of carbons of 2 to 10, and X is 0 or 1.)

Disclosed is preparation of a freestanding ion gel having high stability and high ionic conductivity based on surface-activity ionic liquids. Further, disclosed is a solid electrolyte using the ion gel. A method for preparing the freestanding ion gel include mixing a surface-activity ionic liquid having an alkyl group having 8 or greater carbon atoms, a crosslinking agent, water and oil with each other to form a bicontinuous microemulsion mixture; ii) adding an initiator to the mixture; and iii) curing the mixture using ultraviolet (UV) or thermal energy to form a freestanding ion gel.

Provided is a curable resin composition having developability and resolution improved without degrading the heat resistance and the chemical resistance, furthermore, a curable resin composition that is useful as a PID material for optical uses or a material for optical sensor protective films and enables the formation of a cured product having both higher transparency and excellent heat resistance, a dry film containing the curable resin composition, a cured product thereof and a printed wiring board including the cured product. A curable resin composition containing (A) an amide-imide resin, (B) a compound having an ethylenic double bond and (C) a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the amide-imide resin (A) is a reaction product of an isocyanurate-type polyisocyanate synthesized from an isocyanate having an aliphatic structure and a tricarboxylic acid anhydride and has a number-average molecular weight of 500 to 1000.

A resin composition and a cured film are provided. The resin composition includes a monomer mixture (A), a siloxane compound (B), a curing agent (C), and inorganic particles (D). The monomer mixture (A) includes a bisphenol fluorene compound (A-1) represented by Formula (I-1). The siloxane compound (B) has a group represented by Formula (II-a).

##STR00001##

A resin composition and a cured film are provided. The resin composition includes a monomer mixture (A), a siloxane compound (B), a curing agent (C), and inorganic particles (D). The monomer mixture (A) includes a bisphenol fluorene compound (A-1) represented by Formula (I-1). The siloxane compound (B) has a group represented by Formula (II-a).

##STR00001##

Radically polymerizable dental material which contains at least one compound of Formulae I to III: ##STR00001## The material preferably additionally contains a radically polymerizable monomer, an initiator for the radical polymerization and filler. It is characterized in particular by a low polymerization contraction stress.