The present invention concerns the field of polymer chemistry and relates to water-insoluble anion exchange materials as they are used, for example, for anion exchange membranes or as anion exchange resins.

The object of the invention is the specification of water-insoluble anion exchange materials which exhibit improved insolubility in water.

The object is attained by water-insoluble anion exchange materials, at least composed of linearly polymerized and/or branched and/or crosslinked anion exchange groups C, which are part of the structural units according to at least one of the general formulas I to VIII.

##STR00001## ##STR00002##

A salt represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 independently represent a fluorine atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 perfluoroalkyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 perfluoroalkyl group, z represents an integer of 0 to 6, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 fluorinated alkyl group, R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 fluorinated alkyl group, L.sup.2 represents a single bond, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, etc., R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group that may have a halogen atom, L.sup.1 represents a group represented by formula (b1-1), etc., * represents a bonding site to —CR.sup.3R.sup.4; L.sup.b2 and L.sup.b3 each independently represent a single bond or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation.

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber, and a coating resin layer having a primary resin layer and a secondary resin layer, wherein the primary resin layer consists of a cured resin composition containing an oligomer, a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, the oligomer is a reaction product of a specific polyol compound, a polyisocyanate compound, and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate compound, the photopolymerization initiator includes 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone at a mass ratio of 5:1 to 1:1, and a content of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine in the resin composition is 1.5 to 2.5% by mass.

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber, and a coating resin layer having a primary resin layer and a secondary resin layer, wherein the primary resin layer consists of a cured resin composition containing an oligomer, a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, the oligomer is a reaction product of a specific polyol compound, a polyisocyanate compound, and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate compound, the photopolymerization initiator includes 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone at a mass ratio of 5:1 to 1:1, and a content of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine in the resin composition is 1.5 to 2.5% by mass.

Imidazole-containing polymer membranes and resins are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use are also described herein. The methods of using the membranes and resins include reducing acids from liquid phases.

Imidazole-containing polymer membranes and resins are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use are also described herein. The methods of using the membranes and resins include reducing acids from liquid phases.

The invention relates to a primer for improving the adhesion of adhesive tapes to hydrophilic surfaces, such as, in particular, glass or ceramic. The primer according to the invention comprises, dissolved or dispersed in one or more solvents, a mixture G of at least one copolymer obtained by copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising to at least 90 wt. % the following monomers: vinylcaprolactam and/or vinylpyrrolidone and one or more of the monomers a) and b): c) acrylic acid ester of a linear, primary alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical of the alcohol, d) acrylic acid ester of a branched, non-cyclic alcohol having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical of the alcohol, at least one organofunctional silane of the general structure (Ia) or (Ib)

(R.sup.1O—).sub.xSi(CH.sub.2OR.sup.2).sub.y(R.sup.3).sub.z  (Ia)

(R.sup.1O—).sub.xSi(CH.sub.2NHR.sup.2).sub.y(R.sup.3).sub.z  (Ib), wherein the radicals R.sup.1 independently of each other represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl radical, a C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkoxyalkyl radical or an acetyl radical; the radicals R.sup.2 independently of each other represent an organic radical; the radicals R.sup.3 independently of each other represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.18-alkyl radical and x=1, 2 or 3; y=1, 2 or 3; x+y≦4 and z=4−x−y; at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of metal acetylacetonates, metal alkoxides and alkoxy-metal acetylacetonates, at least one amine.

The invention relates to a primer for improving the adhesion of adhesive tapes to hydrophilic surfaces, such as, in particular, glass or ceramic. The primer according to the invention comprises, dissolved or dispersed in one or more solvents, a mixture G of at least one copolymer obtained by copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising to at least 90 wt. % the following monomers: vinylcaprolactam and/or vinylpyrrolidone and one or more of the monomers a) and b): c) acrylic acid ester of a linear, primary alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical of the alcohol, d) acrylic acid ester of a branched, non-cyclic alcohol having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical of the alcohol, at least one organofunctional silane of the general structure (Ia) or (Ib)

(R.sup.1O—).sub.xSi(CH.sub.2OR.sup.2).sub.y(R.sup.3).sub.z  (Ia)

(R.sup.1O—).sub.xSi(CH.sub.2NHR.sup.2).sub.y(R.sup.3).sub.z  (Ib), wherein the radicals R.sup.1 independently of each other represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl radical, a C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkoxyalkyl radical or an acetyl radical; the radicals R.sup.2 independently of each other represent an organic radical; the radicals R.sup.3 independently of each other represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.18-alkyl radical and x=1, 2 or 3; y=1, 2 or 3; x+y≦4 and z=4−x−y; at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of metal acetylacetonates, metal alkoxides and alkoxy-metal acetylacetonates, at least one amine.

The present invention pertains to a one-side-protected polarizing film having a protective film or films on only one surface of a polarizer, wherein: the polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and is designed to have a single-body transmittance T and a polarization degree P representing optical properties satisfying the condition of the following formula: P>−(10.sup.0.99T−42.4−1)×100 (provided that T<42.3) or P≧99.9 (provided that T≧42.3), and the polarizer and a transparent resin layer have a thickness X (μm) and a thickness Y (μm), respectively, satisfying X≦12, Y≦15, and 0.15≦(Y/X)≦3. Even when the thin-type polarizer has prescribed optical properties, this one-side-protected polarizing film is capable of suppressing the occurrence of through cracks, nano-slit-induced defects and curling.

The present invention pertains to a one-side-protected polarizing film having a protective film or films on only one surface of a polarizer, wherein: the polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and is designed to have a single-body transmittance T and a polarization degree P representing optical properties satisfying the condition of the following formula: P>−(10.sup.0.99T−42.4−1)×100 (provided that T<42.3) or P≧99.9 (provided that T≧42.3), and the polarizer and a transparent resin layer have a thickness X (μm) and a thickness Y (μm), respectively, satisfying X≦12, Y≦15, and 0.15≦(Y/X)≦3. Even when the thin-type polarizer has prescribed optical properties, this one-side-protected polarizing film is capable of suppressing the occurrence of through cracks, nano-slit-induced defects and curling.