UV-absorbing polymers are provided that have at least one anhydride repeating unit that is covalently attached to at least one UV-absorbing moiety selected from the group consisting of functionalized dibenzoylmethanes, benzophenone sulfonamides, triphenyl triazines, and combinations thereof. Also provided are formulations comprising the UV-absorbing polymers.

A method of enhancing hydrophilicity of a hydrophobic polymer material includes pre-treating the hydrophobic polymer material. The pre-treating includes treating the hydrophobic polymer material with a first atmospheric pressure plasma discharge in a first atmosphere including carbon dioxide to obtain a pre-treated polymer material. The method includes treating the pre-treated polymer material with a second atmospheric pressure plasma discharge in a second atmosphere in which an aerosol of an amine is introduced; the amine includes at least one hydrocarbon substituent. A substrate is provided that includes a hydrophobic polymer material having a modified interface. The modified interface includes amine functional groups grafted on the hydrophobic polymer material, the modified interface having a surface energy, which, measured after immersion in water at 20? C. for 3 days, differs from a surface energy of the hydrophobic polymer material by 20 mN/m or less.

A method of enhancing hydrophilicity of a hydrophobic polymer material includes pre-treating the hydrophobic polymer material. The pre-treating includes treating the hydrophobic polymer material with a first atmospheric pressure plasma discharge in a first atmosphere including carbon dioxide to obtain a pre-treated polymer material. The method includes treating the pre-treated polymer material with a second atmospheric pressure plasma discharge in a second atmosphere in which an aerosol of an amine is introduced; the amine includes at least one hydrocarbon substituent. A substrate is provided that includes a hydrophobic polymer material having a modified interface. The modified interface includes amine functional groups grafted on the hydrophobic polymer material, the modified interface having a surface energy, which, measured after immersion in water at 20? C. for 3 days, differs from a surface energy of the hydrophobic polymer material by 20 mN/m or less.

The present disclosure provides a phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1), a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing compound, and an article made from the resin composition. The phosphorus-containing compound can achieve halogen-free flame retardancy while satisfying the requirements of excellent dielectricity, high copper foil peeling strength, high glass transition temperature, low percent thermal expansion and excellent heat resistance after moisture absorption. The resin composition comprises the following components or a prepolymer thereof: (A) 100 parts by weight of an unsaturated C?C double bond-containing polyphenylene ether resin; and (B) 15 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight of the phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1); wherein the prepolymer is obtained from a mixture through prepolymerization, and the mixture comprises at least the component (A) and the component (B).

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1), a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing compound, and an article made from the resin composition. The phosphorus-containing compound can achieve halogen-free flame retardancy while satisfying the requirements of excellent dielectricity, high copper foil peeling strength, high glass transition temperature, low percent thermal expansion and excellent heat resistance after moisture absorption. The resin composition comprises the following components or a prepolymer thereof: (A) 100 parts by weight of an unsaturated C?C double bond-containing polyphenylene ether resin; and (B) 15 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight of the phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1); wherein the prepolymer is obtained from a mixture through prepolymerization, and the mixture comprises at least the component (A) and the component (B).

##STR00001##

UV-absorbing polymers are provided that have at least one anhydride repeating unit that is covalently attached to at least one UV-absorbing moiety selected from the group consisting of functionalized dibenzoylmethanes, benzophenone sulfonamides, triphenyl triazines, and combinations thereof. Also provided are formulations comprising the UV-absorbing polymers.

UV-absorbing polymers are provided that have at least one anhydride repeating unit that is covalently attached to at least one UV-absorbing moiety selected from the group consisting of functionalized dibenzoylmethanes, benzophenone sulfonamides, triphenyl triazines, and combinations thereof. Also provided are formulations comprising the UV-absorbing polymers.

A star-shaped vinyl ether polymer, comprising a central core and an arm portion bonded to the central core, wherein: the arm portion comprises a repeating unit derived from a vinyl ether monomer; the star-shaped vinyl ether polymer comprises a structure represented by the following Formula (1):
YAr.sup.1NNAr.sup.2(1); wherein Y represents an ether bond, a thioether bond, a group NH, or a group OR.sup.1*, R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group, * represents a position bonded to Ar.sup.1 in Formula (I), Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and Ar.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; and particularly the central core is formed by crosslinking of a polyfunctional coupling agent, wherein the polyfunctional coupling agent is a compound represented by the following Formula (3): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.5 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.9 represents a divalent organic group.

A star-shaped vinyl ether polymer, comprising a central core and an arm portion bonded to the central core, wherein: the arm portion comprises a repeating unit derived from a vinyl ether monomer; the star-shaped vinyl ether polymer comprises a structure represented by the following Formula (1):
YAr.sup.1NNAr.sup.2(1); wherein Y represents an ether bond, a thioether bond, a group NH, or a group OR.sup.1*, R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group, * represents a position bonded to Ar.sup.1 in Formula (I), Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and Ar.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; and particularly the central core is formed by crosslinking of a polyfunctional coupling agent, wherein the polyfunctional coupling agent is a compound represented by the following Formula (3): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.5 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.9 represents a divalent organic group.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a patterned substrate. The method may be applied to a process of manufacturing a device such as an electronic device or integrated circuit, or another use, for example, to manufacture an integrated optical system, a guidance and detection pattern of a magnetic domain memory, a flat panel display, a LCD, a thin film magnetic head or an organic light emitting diode, and used to construct a pattern on a surface to be used to manufacture a discrete tract medium such as an integrated circuit, a bit-patterned medium and/or a magnetic storage device such as a hard drive.