The present disclosure describes surface formulations that form a layer on surfaces and comprise a phenol selected from: (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V), with detailed descriptions of variables herein.

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The present disclosure describes surface formulations that form a layer on surfaces and comprise a phenol selected from: (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V), with detailed descriptions of variables herein.

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A photosensitive resin composition, a protective layer, and a method for pattern formation are provided. The photosensitive resin composition includes an alkali-soluble resin (A), a sensitizer (B), an additive (C), and a solvent (D). The additive (C) includes a compound represented by Formula (C-1) as follows. In Formula (C-1), the definitions of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as defined in the specification.

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A photosensitive resin composition, a protective layer, and a method for pattern formation are provided. The photosensitive resin composition includes an alkali-soluble resin (A), a sensitizer (B), an additive (C), and a solvent (D). The additive (C) includes a compound represented by Formula (C-1) as follows. In Formula (C-1), the definitions of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as defined in the specification.

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A composition containing a polyphenol compound (B), wherein the polyphenol compound (B) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a resin having a structure represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001##

A composition containing a polyphenol compound (B), wherein the polyphenol compound (B) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a resin having a structure represented by the following formula (2):

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A catalyst for use with a phenolic resins which imparts accelerated curing at reduced temperatures. The catalyst is selected from elemental halogen or opium polyhalide compounds of the general formula:
O.sup.+X.sub.(2n+1).sup.,
where 1n4, Q is onium group, preferably selected from ammonium, sulfonium and phosphonium; and X is a halide. Each X may be the same or different and may include mixed halides such a XBr.sub.2Cl or Cl.sub.2Br.

A catalyst for use with a phenolic resins which imparts accelerated curing at reduced temperatures. The catalyst is selected from elemental halogen or opium polyhalide compounds of the general formula:
O.sup.+X.sub.(2n+1).sup.,
where 1n4, Q is onium group, preferably selected from ammonium, sulfonium and phosphonium; and X is a halide. Each X may be the same or different and may include mixed halides such a XBr.sub.2Cl or Cl.sub.2Br.

An alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. The alkoxylated bio-oil composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil prepared from an alkoxylation of dewatered bio-oil. A method for preparing an alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. A copolymer composition is provided. The copolymer composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil copolymer unit. A method for preparing a copolymer composition is provided.

An alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. The alkoxylated bio-oil composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil prepared from an alkoxylation of dewatered bio-oil. A method for preparing an alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. A copolymer composition is provided. The copolymer composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil copolymer unit. A method for preparing a copolymer composition is provided.