A patterned film structure consists of a substrate and of a patterned polymeric layer which selectively covers and exposes part of the surface of the substrate. The patterned polymeric layer is selected form at least one of an unsubstituted poly-para-xylylene and a substituted poly-para-xylylene.

A patterned film structure consists of a substrate and of a patterned polymeric layer which selectively covers and exposes part of the surface of the substrate. The patterned polymeric layer is selected form at least one of an unsubstituted poly-para-xylylene and a substituted poly-para-xylylene.

Provided is a resin material showing a high thermal conductivity and having high heat resistance while having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. The material is a polyfunctional vinyl resin, which is represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1s each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.2s each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a dicyclopentenyl group, and at least one thereof represents a dicyclopentenyl group, Xs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a vinyl group-containing aromatic group represented by the formula (1a), and at least one thereof represents a vinyl group-containing aromatic group, “n” represents a number of repetitions, and the average thereof is a number of from 1 to 5, and Ar represents an aromatic ring.

Provided is a resin material showing a high thermal conductivity and having high heat resistance while having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. The material is a polyfunctional vinyl resin, which is represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1s each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.2s each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a dicyclopentenyl group, and at least one thereof represents a dicyclopentenyl group, Xs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a vinyl group-containing aromatic group represented by the formula (1a), and at least one thereof represents a vinyl group-containing aromatic group, “n” represents a number of repetitions, and the average thereof is a number of from 1 to 5, and Ar represents an aromatic ring.

The present invention relates to nanoparticles of π-conjugated polymers. The present invention also relates to an aqueous composition comprising these polymeric nanoparticles, to processes for making the nanoparticles, and to the use of these nanoparticles in the fabrication of electronic devices and components.

The present invention relates to nanoparticles of π-conjugated polymers. The present invention also relates to an aqueous composition comprising these polymeric nanoparticles, to processes for making the nanoparticles, and to the use of these nanoparticles in the fabrication of electronic devices and components.

A polybenzodifuran ladder polymer is disclosed.

A three-dimensional printing ink that has a viscosity suitable for three-dimensional printing, and improved performance.

A three-dimensional printing ink that has a viscosity suitable for three-dimensional printing, and improved performance.

A composition for forming an organic film contains a polymer having a partial structure shown by the following general formula (1A) or (1B), and an organic solvent, where Ar.sub.1 and Ar2 represent a benzene ring or naphthalene ring which optionally have a substituent; X represents a single bond or methylene group; a broken line represents a bonding arm; R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and W.sub.1 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an organic group having at least one aromatic ring optionally having a substituent. A composition for forming an organic film, the composition containing a polymer with high carbon content and thermosetting property as to enable high etching resistance and excellent twisting resistance; a patterning process using the composition; and a polymer suitable for the composition for forming an organic film. ##STR00001##