The invention relates to octadentate ligands of a general formula R.sup.1-D-X-D-X-D-X-D-E-R.sup.2, wherein D is C(O)N(OH) or N(OH)C(O), pyrimidinone or pyridinone, each X independently of any other X is a saturated or partially unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted linker comprising 8-11 atoms selected from any of N, C, O; R.sup.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, arene, or heteroarene, E is a saturated or partially unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted chain comprising 1-50 atoms and R.sup.2 is a moiety capable of selectively binding to a biomolecule, or a nanoparticle. The invention further relates to complexes of the ligand, particularly radionuclides and their use in radioimmunotherapy and imaging.

A DDS preparation of a platinum complex, which selectively releases a highly active platinum complex in cells that are under reducing conditions, and exhibits high antitumor activity that is required from a medicine, is still not available, and there is a demand for a novel DDS preparation of a platinum complex that may be used in clinical fields. There is provided a polymer conjugate of a hexa-coordinated platinum complex, the polymer conjugate comprising a block copolymer having a polyethylene glycol structural moiety and a polyaspartic acid moiety or a polyglutamic acid moiety; and a hexa-coordinated platinum complex having a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group at the axial positions, the hexa-coordinated platinum complex being bonded, directly or via a spacer, to a side-chain carboxyl group of the block copolymer.

A DDS preparation of a platinum complex, which selectively releases a highly active platinum complex in cells that are under reducing conditions, and exhibits high antitumor activity that is required from a medicine, is still not available, and there is a demand for a novel DDS preparation of a platinum complex that may be used in clinical fields. There is provided a polymer conjugate of a hexa-coordinated platinum complex, the polymer conjugate comprising a block copolymer having a polyethylene glycol structural moiety and a polyaspartic acid moiety or a polyglutamic acid moiety; and a hexa-coordinated platinum complex having a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group at the axial positions, the hexa-coordinated platinum complex being bonded, directly or via a spacer, to a side-chain carboxyl group of the block copolymer.

The present invention provides novel hybrid polymers having unique physical properties. The hybrid polymers comprise a cellulose ether moiety, a linking group moiety, a spacer group moiety, and a lactam moiety. The present invention also provides compositions comprising the hybrid polymers and methods for preparing and using the hybrid polymers.

In a first embodiment, the hybrid polymers have the structure:

A-(L.sub.1-S—(B).sub.k).sub.q

wherein A is derived from a cellulose ether moiety comprising a —OH group; L.sub.1 is a linking group moiety selected from the group consisting of urethanes, amides, esters, carbonates, and phosphate esters, or is derived from a moiety selected from the group consisting of anhydrides, cyclic ethers, and aziridines; S is a spacer group moiety, selected from the group consisting of straight- or branched-chain functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the above groups may be with or without heteroatoms, or is a direct bond; and B is a lactam moiety; wherein k≥1 and q≥1.

In a second embodiment, the hybrid polymers have the structure:

A-(L.sub.2-S—B).sub.y

wherein A is derived from a cellulose ether moiety comprising a —OH group; L.sub.2 is an ether linking group moiety; S is a spacer group moiety, selected from the group consisting of straight- or branched-chain functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the above groups may be with or without heteroatoms, or is a direct bond; and B is a lactam moiety; wherein y≥1; with the proviso that when the cellulose ether moiety is hydroxyethyl cellulose, -(L.sub.2-S—B).sub.y is not derived from 1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone.

The present invention provides novel hybrid polymers having unique physical properties. The hybrid polymers comprise a cellulose ether moiety, a linking group moiety, a spacer group moiety, and a lactam moiety. The present invention also provides compositions comprising the hybrid polymers and methods for preparing and using the hybrid polymers.

In a first embodiment, the hybrid polymers have the structure:

A-(L.sub.1-S—(B).sub.k).sub.q

wherein A is derived from a cellulose ether moiety comprising a —OH group; L.sub.1 is a linking group moiety selected from the group consisting of urethanes, amides, esters, carbonates, and phosphate esters, or is derived from a moiety selected from the group consisting of anhydrides, cyclic ethers, and aziridines; S is a spacer group moiety, selected from the group consisting of straight- or branched-chain functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the above groups may be with or without heteroatoms, or is a direct bond; and B is a lactam moiety; wherein k≥1 and q≥1.

In a second embodiment, the hybrid polymers have the structure:

A-(L.sub.2-S—B).sub.y

wherein A is derived from a cellulose ether moiety comprising a —OH group; L.sub.2 is an ether linking group moiety; S is a spacer group moiety, selected from the group consisting of straight- or branched-chain functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the above groups may be with or without heteroatoms, or is a direct bond; and B is a lactam moiety; wherein y≥1; with the proviso that when the cellulose ether moiety is hydroxyethyl cellulose, -(L.sub.2-S—B).sub.y is not derived from 1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel using ultraviolet ray and to a use of the poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel prepared by the method, and the method of preparing poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel using ultraviolet irradiation according to the present invention solved the problem of microbial contamination in the poly-γ-glutamic acid solution, and produced poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel in high yield by only a simple treatment process, and as it was confirmed that the poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel has improved storage stability in a solution, the poly-gamma-glutamic acid hydrogel prepared by the method of preparing the same of the present invention can be provided as a tissue engineering scaffold, artificial organs and bio-ink for 3D printing.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel using ultraviolet ray and to a use of the poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel prepared by the method, and the method of preparing poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel using ultraviolet irradiation according to the present invention solved the problem of microbial contamination in the poly-γ-glutamic acid solution, and produced poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel in high yield by only a simple treatment process, and as it was confirmed that the poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel has improved storage stability in a solution, the poly-gamma-glutamic acid hydrogel prepared by the method of preparing the same of the present invention can be provided as a tissue engineering scaffold, artificial organs and bio-ink for 3D printing.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer comprises a polyamide resin, and titanium oxide particles having been subjected to a surface treatment with an organic silicon compound, when an average primary particle size of the titanium oxide particles having been subjected to the surface treatment with the organic silicon compound is defined as “b” [μm], and a mass ratio of a Si element to TiO.sub.2 in the titanium oxide particles having been subjected to the surface treatment with the organic silicon compound is defined as “c” [mass %], “b” and “c” satisfy a relationship expressed by the following Expression (B), 0.025≤b×c≤0.050, and the photosensitive layer is a monolayer type photosensitive layer comprising a charge generating substance, a hole transporting substance, and an electron transporting substance.

Methods of providing sustained sterilization of thermoplastics; providing thermoplastics that have the capacity to dispense sodium fluoride, and, a method of providing sustained sterilization of thermoplastics and providing thermoplastics that have the capacity to dispense sodium fluoride, both from the same thermoplastic article.

Methods of providing sustained sterilization of thermoplastics; providing thermoplastics that have the capacity to dispense sodium fluoride, and, a method of providing sustained sterilization of thermoplastics and providing thermoplastics that have the capacity to dispense sodium fluoride, both from the same thermoplastic article.