Provided is a film forming method that can form a film having a thickness of 500 μm or more with a single coating of a substrate.

The present disclosure is a film forming method using a powder coating material containing a polyphenylene sulfide resin, the method including heating the powder coating material at a temperature equal to or higher than a melting point of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and within a range of 250 to 400° C., in which a single coating of a substrate forms a film having a thickness of 500 μm or more; and the obtained film has a surface roughness, Ra, of 0.30 μm or less.

A lacquer composition is provided, comprising 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a thiol compound having two or more thiol groups, 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and 0.1%-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a separating agent having an alkyl radical having 4-20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl radical is unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted and the alkyl radical is bonded to a functional group. Also provided are the use of this lacquer composition as a protective lacquer on an optical surface of an optical element in the production of the optical element, and an optical element comprising the protective lacquer.

A lacquer composition is provided, comprising 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a thiol compound having two or more thiol groups, 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and 0.1%-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a separating agent having an alkyl radical having 4-20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl radical is unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted and the alkyl radical is bonded to a functional group. Also provided are the use of this lacquer composition as a protective lacquer on an optical surface of an optical element in the production of the optical element, and an optical element comprising the protective lacquer.

A polythioether prepolymer including functional groups capable of being obtained by the reaction: of at least one compound T having a number f of thiol functional group number selected from 2, 3, 4 and 6, with at least one compound E having a number g of epoxy functional groups number selected from 2 and 3. Also, a method of preparation for this prepolymer, a composition including this prepolymer and an oligomer as well as its use as a mastic and a polythioether polymer obtained from this polythioether prepolymer with an oligomer.

Described herein are poly(arylene sulfide) (“PAS”) polymers (PASP) including recurring units formed from selected dihalofluorene monomers. Surprisingly, at relative low dihalofluorene monomer concentrations, the PAS polymers (PASP) have significantly increased glass transition temperatures (“T.sub.g”) and impact performance, relative to analogous PAS homopolymers and PAS polymers (PASP) including recurring units formed from 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl (“DBBP”). Simultaneously, the PAS polymers (PASP) also retain high elastic modulus. Furthermore, the PAS polymers (PASP) are free of recurring units formed from polyhalogenated biphenyls (e.g. DBBP and polychlorinated biphenyls) and, therefore, are not currently subject to restrictive governmental regulation. Due at least in part to the excellent thermal (T.sub.g, T.sub.c and T.sub.m) and impact properties of the PAS polymers (PASP), the PAS polymers (PASP) and PAS polymer compositions can be desirably incorporated into wide variety of articles including, but not limited to, automotive articles, electrical and electronic articles, articles for aerospace and oil and gas articles.

A resist underlayer composition and a method of forming patterns, the composition including a solvent; and a polymer that includes a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, ##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolyte which exhibits good ionic conductivity in a room temperature state and is excellent in moldability, productivity, and quality stability, an electrode, a battery and a capacitor using the solid electrolyte, and a method of producing the solid electrolyte. The present invention is a solid electrolyte containing an alkali metal salt and a polymer, wherein the polymer has, for example, a monomer unit of a chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

A composition suitable for 3-D printing comprises, in one embodiment, a photopolymer including one or more thiol monomer, one or more alkene monomer, and a polymerization initiator. In another embodiment, the thiol monomer is selected from the group consisting of: glycol di(3-mercaptopropionate) [GDMP]; trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) [TMPMP]; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) [PETMP] and 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol [DODT]. In yet another embodiment, the alkene monomer comprises: an allyl-functional urethane/urea monomer synthesized from: an isocyanate moiety and a hydroxyl or amine functional allyl moiety. In still another embodiment, the hydroxyl or amine functional allyl moiety comprises 2-allyloxyethanol, allyl alcohol, and allylamine. In still yet another embodiment, the isocyanate moiety is selected from the group consisting of: isophorone diisocyanate (IDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, and dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-Diisocyanate (HMDI).

A composition suitable for 3-D printing comprises, in one embodiment, a photopolymer including one or more thiol monomer, one or more alkene monomer, and a polymerization initiator. In another embodiment, the thiol monomer is selected from the group consisting of: glycol di(3-mercaptopropionate) [GDMP]; trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) [TMPMP]; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) [PETMP] and 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol [DODT]. In yet another embodiment, the alkene monomer comprises: an allyl-functional urethane/urea monomer synthesized from: an isocyanate moiety and a hydroxyl or amine functional allyl moiety. In still another embodiment, the hydroxyl or amine functional allyl moiety comprises 2-allyloxyethanol, allyl alcohol, and allylamine. In still yet another embodiment, the isocyanate moiety is selected from the group consisting of: isophorone diisocyanate (IDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, and dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-Diisocyanate (HMDI).

To provide a method for producing PAS by which PAS having a small particle size of 50 μm or greater and 550 μm or less as an average particle size can be produced.

In the method for producing PAS, including: (1) a preparation step of preparing a prepared mixture containing an organic polar solvent, a sulfur source, and a dihalo aromatic compound; (2) a pre-stage polymerization step of initiating a polymerization reaction by heating the prepared mixture to produce a prepolymer; (3) a phase separation step of adding water as a phase separation agent to a reaction mixture in a reaction system to form a phase separation state; and (4) a post-stage polymerization step of continuing the polymerization reaction after the phase separation step, in which an organic sulfonic acid metal salt having a specific solubility in water is contained in the prepared mixture or the reaction mixture.