Compositions that are curable to polythioether polymers are provided, comprising: a) a dithiol monomer; b) a diene monomer; c) a radical cleaved photoinitiator; d) a peroxide; and e) an amine; where the peroxide and amine together are a peroxide-amine redox initiator. In some embodiments, the amine is a tertiary amine. In some embodiments, the amine is selected from the group consisting of dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and N, N, N′, N″, N″-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine. In some embodiments, the peroxide is selected from the group consisting of di-tert-butyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide. In some embodiments, the composition may additionally comprise a polythiol monomer having three or more thiol groups.

A method of producing polyarylene sulfide (PAS) by subjecting a sulfur source and a dihalo aromatic compound (DHA) to polymerization reaction in an organic amide solvent under alkaline conditions, the method suppressing side reactions or the like and yielding PAS having a high degree of polymerization at a high yield is provided; and PAS having a high degree of polymerization are provided.

A method of producing PAS, including: a preparation step of preparing a preparation mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, an alkali metal hydroxide, water, and DHA, and having a pH of 12.5 or higher; a first-stage polymerization step of heating the preparation mixture to 170° C. or higher to initiate a polymerization reaction and continuing the polymerization reaction at 240 to 280° C., thereby forming a prepolymer having a DHA conversion rate of 50% or greater (at this time, a temperature increasing rate from 220° C. to 240° C. is lower than a temperature increasing rate for 240° C. or higher); and a second-stage polymerization step of adding, in the reaction system, an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount of 1 to 20 mol % per 1 mol of the sulfur source in the presence of a phase separation agent to continue the polymerization reaction at 245 to 290° C. PAS having a melt viscosity (310° C.; shear rate: 1216 sec.sup.-1) of 0.1 to 8000 Pa.Math.s produced by the method.

An internal release agent includes at least one phosphodiester represented by the following general formula (1).

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In the formula, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, and R.sub.3 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. A plurality of R.sub.3's may be the same as or different from each other. M represents a hydrogen atom, an ammonium ion, an alkali metal ion, or a monovalent/divalent alkali earth metal ion, and n is an integer of 1 to 60.

Disclosed are epoxy resins exhibiting a highly favorable combination of tensile strength and elongation with respect to prior art epoxy systems. The elastomeric epoxy resin systems of the invention are prepared utilizing a curing agent containing at least one monoprimary amine, and are particularly useful in applications such as, for example, castings, potting, composites, crack sealing, coatings, adhesives, roofing materials, flooring or reinforced membranes.

The present invention relates to a composition that comprises a mixture of polymers, which comprises: a first polymer comprising polyphenylene sulphide, making up 55 wt % to 95 wt % of the mixture; a thermoplastic modifier, making up 5 wt % to 45 wt % of the mixture; optionally one or more functional additives, making up at most 10 wt % of the mixture, preferably at most 5 wt % of the mixture, characterised in that the thermoplastic modifier includes a second polymer which comprises a polyolefin backbone containing a group of at least one unsaturated monomer (X) and a plurality of polyamide grafts. The invention also relates to a multilayer structure including a plurality of adjacent layers, at least one of which consists of the aforementioned composition.

Provided are a water dispersion of gel particles in which the gel particles which have a three-dimensional crosslinked structure including a thioether bond and an ethylenic double bond, have a hydrophilic group, and include a photopolymerization initiator are dispersed in water, a producing method of the water dispersion, and an image forming method using the water dispersion.

The present invention provides a polyarylene sulfide (PAS) production device which suppresses the accumulation of deposits on a baffle (baffle board) or the like disposed inside a reaction vessel via a baffle support for the purpose of enhanced stirring efficiency or the like, thereby contributing to enhanced production efficiency, reduced cost of removing accumulation, and enhanced quality of the PAS product.

The PAS production device of the present invention is a PAS production device provided with a reaction vessel equipped with one or a plurality of baffles; each baffle being supported by one or a plurality of baffle supports provided in a protruding manner on an inside wall of the reaction vessel; and at least one of the baffle supports having one or a plurality of openings preferably passing through the baffle support in the vertical direction.

The present specification relates to a polymer with improved acid resistance, a polymer electrolyte membrane including the same, a membrane-electrode assembly including the polymer electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane.

A reactive functional group-containing polyarylene sulfide resin composition having a narrow polydispersity and a low gas generation amount is manufactured by mixing a polyarylene sulfide resin (a) and a polyarylene sulfide resin (b), wherein the polyarylene sulfide (a) has a weight reduction ratio ΔWr of not higher than 0.18% under heating and an increase rate of melt viscosity of less than 1.05 times by addition of a reactive compound (c) having a reactive group relative to melt viscosity prior to addition of the reactive compound (c), and the polyarylene sulfide (b) has the weight reduction ratio ΔWr of not higher than 0.18% under heating and the increase rate of melt viscosity of not less than 1.05 times by addition of the reactive compound (c) having the reactive group relative to melt viscosity prior to addition of the reactive compound (c).

A reactive functional group-containing polyarylene sulfide resin composition having a narrow polydispersity and a low gas generation amount is manufactured by mixing a polyarylene sulfide resin (a) and a polyarylene sulfide resin (b), wherein the polyarylene sulfide (a) has a weight reduction ratio ΔWr of not higher than 0.18% under heating and an increase rate of melt viscosity of less than 1.05 times by addition of a reactive compound (c) having a reactive group relative to melt viscosity prior to addition of the reactive compound (c), and the polyarylene sulfide (b) has the weight reduction ratio ΔWr of not higher than 0.18% under heating and the increase rate of melt viscosity of not less than 1.05 times by addition of the reactive compound (c) having the reactive group relative to melt viscosity prior to addition of the reactive compound (c).