The present invention relates to anionic exchange polymers including a poly(phenylene) structure. The structure can include any useful cationic moiety. Methods and uses of such structures and polymers are also described herein. In one instance, such polymers are employed to form a solid membrane.

An ion exchange membrane has multiple layers of ionic polymers which each contain substantially different chemical compositions. i.e. varying side chain lengths, varying backbone chemistries or varying ionic functionality. Utilizing completely different chemistries has utility in many applications such as fuel cells where for example, one layer can help reduce fuel crossover through the membrane. Or one layer can impart substantial hydrophobicity to the electrode formulation. Or one layer can selectively diffuse a reactant while excluding others. Also, one chemistry may allow for impartation of significant mechanical properties or chemical resistance to another more ionically conductive ionomer. The ion exchange membrane may include at least two layers with substantially different chemical properties.

A polymer electrolyte composition has excellent practicality and excellent chemical stability as to be able to withstand a strong oxidizing atmosphere during fuel cell operation and is able to achieve excellent proton conductivity under a low-humidified condition and excellent mechanical strength and physical durability, and a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane-electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced therefrom. The polymer electrolyte composition includes an ionic group-containing polymer (A), an azole ring-containing compound (B), and a transition metal-containing additive (C), the transition metal being one or more selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, and gold.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of compositions comprising polyols and cationic group-functionalized polyphenylene polymers suitable for use in electrochemical systems. The disclosed composition exhibit improved dispersion properties and further provide anion exchange polymer membranes exhibited improved chemical and mechanical properties. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.

A composite radius filler material is provided. The composite radius filler includes a resin, a first group of fibers dispersed within the resin, and a second group of fibers dispersed within the resin. The first group of fibers has a first length configured to facilitate orientation in a longitudinal direction. The second group of fibers has a second length that is shorter than the first length, with the second group of fibers configured to facilitate random orientation in a transverse direction.

A solid, ionically conductive, non-electrically conducting polymer material with a plurality of monomers and a plurality of charge transfer complexes, wherein each charge transfer complex is positioned on a monomer.

A composition and method of forming a composition including a compound including a poly(phenylene) backbone represented by the following formula: ##STR00001##
wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be the same or different and is H or an unsubstituted or inertly-substituted aromatic moiety; wherein Ar.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or inertly-substituted aromatic moiety; wherein R.sub.4 is an alkylene, perfluoroalkyl, polyethylene glycol, or polypropylene glycol moiety; wherein each of R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group including two to 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that each R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 cannot be H; and wherein each of Y.sub.6, Y.sub.7, Y.sub.8, Y.sub.9, Y.sub.10 and Y.sub.11 may be the same or different and is H or a functional group are disclosed. The composition can be used as anion-exchange membranes and as an electrode binder material in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

A resin composition has a high permittivity and a low dissipation factor, and having a high peel strength of the metal foil, excellent moisture absorption and heat resistance, and favorable thermal characteristics, and suitably used for producing an insulation layer of a printed wiring board; and a prepreg, a resin sheet, a laminate, a metal foil-clad laminate, and a printed wiring board obtainable by using the resin composition. The resin composition contains: (A) a dielectric powder, (B) an aromatic phosphorus compound, and (C) a thermosetting resin.

An electrochemical compressor utilizes an anion conducting layer disposed between an anode and a cathode for transporting a working fluid. The working fluid may include carbon dioxide that is dissolved in water and is partially converted to carbonic acid that is equilibrium with bicarbonate anion. An electrical potential across the anode and cathode creates a pH gradient that drives the bicarbonate anion across the anion conducting layer to the cathode, wherein it is reformed into carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbon dioxide is pumped across the anion conducting layer. The compressor may be part of a refrigeration system that pumps the working fluid in a closed loop through a condenser and an evaporator.

A resin composition includes a vinyl group-containing polyphenylene ether resin, a vinyl group-containing crosslinking agent and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, wherein a total amount of the vinyl group-containing polyphenylene ether resin and the vinyl group-containing crosslinking agent is 100 parts by weight, and an amount of the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is 5 parts by weight to 45 parts by weight; and the phosphorus-containing flame retardant has a structure of Formula (1). Moreover, also provided is an article made from the resin composition, including a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate, a printed circuit board or a cured insulator, and various properties can be improved including dissipation factor, inner resin flow, resin flow, flame retardancy, thermal resistance and thermal resistance after moisture absorption.

##STR00001##