A resist composition containing a resin component having a structural unit containing a group which is dissociated under the action of an acid and compound represented by the general formula (bd1). In the formula (bd1), Rx.sup.1 to Rx.sup.4 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure, Ry.sup.1 to Ry.sup.2 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure, and Rz.sup.1 to Rz.sup.4 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure. At least one of Rx.sup.1 to Rx.sup.4, Ry.sup.1 to Ry.sup.2 and Rz.sup.1 to Rz.sup.4 has an anion group, the entire anion moiety may be an n-valent anion, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation ##STR00001##

A resist composition containing a resin component having a structural unit containing a group which is dissociated under the action of an acid and compound represented by the general formula (bd1). In the formula (bd1), Rx.sup.1 to Rx.sup.4 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure, Ry.sup.1 to Ry.sup.2 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure, and Rz.sup.1 to Rz.sup.4 represent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom or may be mutually bonded to form a ring structure. At least one of Rx.sup.1 to Rx.sup.4, Ry.sup.1 to Ry.sup.2 and Rz.sup.1 to Rz.sup.4 has an anion group, the entire anion moiety may be an n-valent anion, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation ##STR00001##

A method for detecting a thickness of bonded rubber of a carbon black in a natural rubber based for reinforcement performance is provided. An ultra-thin frozen microtome to prepare a sample, a tapping mode of the atomic force microscope is used, and when characterizes the carbon black and rubber composite material, the difference of imaging characteristics between morphological and phase diagrams is used, the characteristics of bonded rubber of carbon black reinforced composite material can be observed to obtain the thickness of bonded rubber, and then influence of bonded rubber on rubber performance and the reinforcement performance of the carbon black in the rubber are analyzed. The method has advantages of simple operation, no need for excessive sample processing, high detection efficiency, clear detection images and high detection accuracy, thereby having better applicability and providing a new method and idea for studying reinforcements of fillers.

An oxo-biodegradable antimicrobial receptacle for organic waste or waste from care activities which comprises a layer comprising low density polyethylene, an oxo-biodegradation additive at between 0.2 and 2.2% by weight and an antimicrobial additive at between 0.2 and 2.2% by weight, distributed in the polyethylene. It affords a period of preservation, in the dark, of at least 3 years, preferably 5 years, at a temperature not exceeding 30° C. The preservation is estimated by the carbonyl optical density resulting from the degradation of the polyethylene, measured according to the standard ISO 10640-2011 by FT-IR spectroscopy. The oxo-degradation is inhibited by the absence of light, and a period of degradation estimated by the carbonyl optical density of less than 2 years. The oxo-degradation additive does not promote Clostridium difficile spores.

Polyolefin photovoltaic (PV) backsheets comprise a polypropylene layer stabilized with (A) at least one hindered amine with 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperdine or 2,2,6,6-tetraakylpiperazinone, either or both in combination with a triazine moiety, (B) a thioester, and, optionally, (C) at least one hindered hydroxybenzoate, and/or (D) an ortho hydroxyl triazine compound. These PV backsheets exhibit a low flame spread index of <100 without the use of FR agents, and the polypropylene layer exhibits good weatherability while providing the required long term heat aging performance necessary for PV modules.

Polyolefin photovoltaic (PV) backsheets comprise a polypropylene layer stabilized with (A) at least one hindered amine with 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperdine or 2,2,6,6-tetraakylpiperazinone, either or both in combination with a triazine moiety, (B) a thioester, and, optionally, (C) at least one hindered hydroxybenzoate, and/or (D) an ortho hydroxyl triazine compound. These PV backsheets exhibit a low flame spread index of <100 without the use of FR agents, and the polypropylene layer exhibits good weatherability while providing the required long term heat aging performance necessary for PV modules.

There are provided novel vulcanizable compositions based on optionally fully or partly hydrogenated nitrile rubbers containing epoxy groups, specific basic crosslinkers and crosslinking accelerators, as a result of which the use of conventional crosslinkers, such as sulphur in particular, is no longer required. The vulcanizates producible therefrom possess very good compression sets at room temperature, 100° C. and 150° C., and additionally exhibit high tensile stress combined with good elongation at break.

There are provided novel vulcanizable compositions based on optionally fully or partly hydrogenated nitrile rubbers containing epoxy groups, specific basic crosslinkers and crosslinking accelerators, as a result of which the use of conventional crosslinkers, such as sulphur in particular, is no longer required. The vulcanizates producible therefrom possess very good compression sets at room temperature, 100° C. and 150° C., and additionally exhibit high tensile stress combined with good elongation at break.

There are provided novel vulcanizable compositions based on optionally fully or partly hydrogenated nitrile rubbers containing epoxy groups, specific basic crosslinkers and crosslinking accelerators, as a result of which the use of conventional crosslinkers, such as sulphur in particular, is no longer required. The vulcanizates producible therefrom possess very good compression sets at room temperature, 100° C. and 150° C., and additionally exhibit high tensile stress combined with good elongation at break.

The present technology provides a rubber composition wherein from 1 to 100 parts by mass of carbon black and/or from 10 to 150 parts by mass of inorganic filler, from 1 to 30 parts by mass of sulfur-containing compounding agent, and from 0.1 to 20 parts by mass of tin oxide compound, are blended per 100 parts by mass of sulfur-crosslinkable diene rubber; and a pneumatic tire that uses this rubber composition in a cap tread.