Provided herein are methods for the controlled, independent modification of the surface of polymer-based materials and compositions generated thereby. The methods include use of low temperature plasma for surface modification. The methods allow for the alteration of multiple surface characteristics including generation of precise nanostructures, morphology, crystallography and chemical composition for increased biocompatibility, for example, hydrophilicity, steric hindrance, anti-inflammatory properties and/or anti-bacterial properties.

An earth plant-based compostable biodegradable composition for the formation of a bioplastic and method of producing said resin, the composition comprising: about 17.5 to 45% ethanol-based green polyethylene by weight, about 20 to 25% calcium carbonate by weight, about 2 to 12% hemp hurd or soy protein by weight, about 32 to 45% starch by weight, and about 0.5 to 1% biodegradation additive by weight to enable biodegradation and composting of the bioplastic; wherein the composition is produced by first mill grinding the ethanol-based green polyethylene, calcium carbonate, hemp hurd or soy protein, starch and the biodegradation additive into fine powders, then mechanically mixing the fine powders one by one into a final mixture for about 5-25 minutes at a time, dry and without heat, and then heating the final mixture to about 220 to 430 degrees Fahrenheit.

Carbon blacks such as reinforcing-grade carbon blacks with high structure are described. The carbon black can have the following properties: a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) ranging from 80 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, an oil absorption number (OAN) of at least 180 mL/100 g, and a crushed oil absorption number (COAN) of at least 110 mL/100 g. Rubber compounds which incorporate the carbon black also are described.

A circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first metal layer; an insulating layer disposed on the first metal layer and comprising boron nitride agglomerate particles coated with a resin; and a second metal layer disposed on the insulating layer, wherein: one of both surfaces of the first metal layer, on which the insulating layer is disposed, is in at least partial contact with one surface of the insulating layer; one of both surfaces of the second metal layer, on which the insulating layer is disposed, is in at least partial contact with the other surface of the insulating layer; a plurality of grooves are formed on a surface which is one of both surfaces of at least one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer and which has the insulating layer disposed thereon; at least some of the particles are arranged in at least some of the plurality of grooves; the width (W) of at least one of the plurality of grooves is 1 to 1.8 times D50 of the particles; and a ratio (D/W) of the depth (D) to the width (W) of at least one of the plurality of grooves is 0.2 to 0.3.

Resin compositions made of high-performance polymers blended with molecular glass as rheological modifiers are disclosed. The high-performance polymers include thermoplastics, such as polysulfones, polyimides, poly(ether imides), polyketones, poly(ether ketones), and combinations thereof. The molecular glasses are amorphous, non-oligomeric, and have one or more functional groups that promote miscibility of the molecular glass with the high-performance polymers to produce a resin composition with low melt viscosity. Incorporation of the molecular glasses into the high-performance polymers does not alter the Young's modulus and yield stress values of the high-performance polymers.

A resin spacer for chip stacking and packaging includes a fiber glass fabric used as a base material, a weight percent of the fiber glass fabric is 10-60 wt %; and the following components are attached to the fiber glass fabric as a percentage by the total weight of the resin spacer: 8-40 wt % of epoxy resin, 10-30 wt % of quartz powder, 2-10 wt % of aluminum oxide, 1-8 wt % of calcium oxide, and 1-8 wt % of curing agent. The resin spacer further includes a pigment. The pigment has a weight percent of 1-3 wt %, and the pigment is preferably at least one selected from white carbon black and pearl powder. The resin spacer is formed by mixing, impregnating, partially curing, stacking and pressing the resin material. The thickness of the resin spacer is 0.07-0.13 mm.

A medical component is provided which includes a first portion formed of a first elastomeric material having at least one taggant embedded or incorporated therein, and a second portion formed of a second elastomeric material. The at least one taggant has a first diffusivity relative to the first elastomeric material and a second diffusivity relative to the second elastomeric material. The second diffusivity is less than the first diffusivity.

A discrete piece manufacturing method capable of simplifying a discrete piece manufacturing process includes: a sheet pasting step PC1 of pasting, on a work WF, an adhesive sheet AS containing swell grains SG that swell when predetermined energy IR is applied; a modified part forming step PC2 of, on a subsequent stage of the sheet pasting step PC1, forming modified parts MT in the work WF to form, in the work WF, predefined discrete piece areas WFP each surrounded by the modified parts MT; and an adhesion reducing step PC3 of reducing adhesion of the adhesive sheet AS to the work WF. The adhesion reducing step PC3 includes applying the energy IR to part of the adhesive sheet AS to swell the swell grains SG contained in adhesive sheet parts ASP to which the energy IR has been applied, thereby not only reducing the adhesion area between the adhesive sheet parts ASP and the work WF to reduce the adhesion of the adhesive sheet parts ASP to the work WF but also displacing the predefined discrete piece areas WFP pasted on the adhesive sheet parts ASP to form the discrete pieces CP.

A method of configuring tape for securement to a substrate. The tape has a face ply comprising an upper side and a lower side. The method comprises formulating a liner coating by: (a) creating a mixture comprising a non-toxic remoistenable adhesive and activated coconut carbon filtered water; and (b) adding gypsum to the mixture. The method comprises situating an adhesive on the lower side and covering the hot-melt adhesive on the lower side with the liner coating. The method includes using moisture to dispel the liner coating before the tape is applied to the substrate.

A noncovalent soft elastomer includes a binary block copolymer composed of an A block and a B block and a solvent, wherein the B block has a noncovalent-bonding functional group, and the solvent is a nonvolatile liquid which has a property of dissolving the B block but not dissolving the A block and which forms a functional group capable of noncovalent-bonding of the B block.