Provided is a resin material for forming an underlayer film which is used to form a resist underlayer film used in a multi-layer resist process, the resin material including a cyclic olefin polymer (I), in which a temperature at an intersection between a storage modulus (G′) curve and a loss modulus (G″) curve in a solid viscoelasticity of the resin material for forming an underlayer film which is as measured under conditions of a measurement temperature range of 30° C. to 300° C., a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a frequency of 1 Hz in a nitrogen atmosphere in a shear mode using a rheometer is higher than or equal to 40° C. and lower than or equal to 200°.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and an acid generator containing a sulfonium or iodonium salt of iodized benzamide group-containing fluorinated sulfonic acid offers a high sensitivity, minimal LWR and improved CDU independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and an acid generator containing a sulfonium or iodonium salt of iodized benzamide group-containing fluorinated sulfonic acid offers a high sensitivity, minimal LWR and improved CDU independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

The present invention relates to a process for the long-term stabilization of polyamides and the use of a specific additive composition for the long-term stabilization of polyamides.

The present invention relates to a process for the long-term stabilization of polyamides and the use of a specific additive composition for the long-term stabilization of polyamides.

To provide a proton conductive material which has high proton conductivity even under no humidification and does not elute into water. A proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-polymer and a proton-channel-polymer, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the proton-source-polymer and the proton-channel-polymer is a polymer containing an aromatic ring, and wherein at least a part of the polymer containing the aromatic ring has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions, and a proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-crosslinked-polymer, wherein the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer is a polymer having a main skeleton which contains a proton source group and an aromatic ring, and a crosslinked structure which contains a proton channel, and wherein at least a part of the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions.

To provide a proton conductive material which has high proton conductivity even under no humidification and does not elute into water. A proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-polymer and a proton-channel-polymer, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the proton-source-polymer and the proton-channel-polymer is a polymer containing an aromatic ring, and wherein at least a part of the polymer containing the aromatic ring has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions, and a proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-crosslinked-polymer, wherein the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer is a polymer having a main skeleton which contains a proton source group and an aromatic ring, and a crosslinked structure which contains a proton channel, and wherein at least a part of the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions.

To provide a proton conductive material which has high proton conductivity even under no humidification and does not elute into water. A proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-polymer and a proton-channel-polymer, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the proton-source-polymer and the proton-channel-polymer is a polymer containing an aromatic ring, and wherein at least a part of the polymer containing the aromatic ring has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions, and a proton conductive material comprising a proton-source-crosslinked-polymer, wherein the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer is a polymer having a main skeleton which contains a proton source group and an aromatic ring, and a crosslinked structure which contains a proton channel, and wherein at least a part of the proton-source-crosslinked-polymer has a stacked structure formed by n-n interactions.

A conductive polymer composition containing: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by the following general formula (2); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; and a water-soluble organic solvent (C). This provides a composition which has favorable filterability and film formability, and which is capable of relieving acidity and forming a conductive film with high transparency. Moreover, since the H.sub.2O dispersion of the conductive polymer compound is mixed with an organic solvent, the surface tension and the contact angle are so low that leveling property on a substrate is imparted. The composition is usable in droplet-coating methods. Since an organic solvent having a higher boiling point than H.sub.2O is used as the organic solvent, the composition can avoid solid content precipitation around a nozzle and solid content precipitation due to drying between ejecting the liquid material from a nozzle tip and landing on a substrate.

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The invention provides novel zwitterionic monomers and polymers (including copolymers) with pendent phosphonium-based zwitterionic moieties, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as surfactants, coatings, and interlayer materials, biomedical materials or agents.