Provided are a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, in which the uniformity of the intensity of diffused light in the light diffusion angle region can be increased, or the light diffusion angle region can be expanded effectively, by regulating the combination of the angles of inclination of pillar-shaped objects in plural columnar structure regions, and a method for manufacturing a light diffusion film. Disclosed is a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, the light diffusion film having a first columnar structure region and a second columnar structure region, in which plural pillar-shaped objects having a relatively high refractive index are arranged to stand close together in a region having a relatively low refractive index, sequentially from the lower part of the film along the film plane.

A gas barrier film has a support, an inorganic layer and an organic layer on one surface of the support, and a light diffusion layer containing a binder and a light diffusion agent on the other surface of the support. The binder has a graft copolymer which has an acryl polymer as a main chain and a urethane polymer or a urethane oligomer having an acryloyl group terminal as a side chain, an acryl polymer which has methacrylate as a side chain, and a graft copolymer which has an acryl polymer as a main chain and a urethane polymer or a urethane oligomer having a polycarbonate group terminal as a side chain.

A gas barrier film has a support, an inorganic layer and an organic layer on one surface of the support, and a light diffusion layer containing a binder and a light diffusion agent on the other surface of the support. The binder has a graft copolymer which has an acryl polymer as a main chain and a urethane polymer or a urethane oligomer having an acryloyl group terminal as a side chain, an acryl polymer which has methacrylate as a side chain, and a graft copolymer which has an acryl polymer as a main chain and a urethane polymer or a urethane oligomer having a polycarbonate group terminal as a side chain.

The disclosure provides an associative polymer, a powder, a process for forming a paper sheet, and a process for making a powder. One or more associative polymers and one or more optional surfactants may be networked to form a wet gel and a powder may be formed from the wet gel. The associative polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa. A method may involve adding the powder to a cellulose fiber slurry, draining the cellulose fiber slurry to form a fiber pad, and drying the fiber pad to form a paper sheet.

Provided are a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, in which the uniformity of the intensity of diffused light in the light diffusion angle region can be increased, or the light diffusion angle region can be expanded effectively, by regulating the combination of the angles of inclination of pillar-shaped objects in plural columnar structure regions, and a method for manufacturing a light diffusion film. Disclosed is a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, the light diffusion film having a first columnar structure region and a second columnar structure region, in which plural pillar-shaped objects having a relatively high refractive index are arranged to stand close together in a region having a relatively low refractive index, sequentially from the lower part of the film along the film plane.

The present invention is to provide a metal particle dispersion which has low viscosity and excellent dispersibility and dispersion stability, and in which the precipitation of the metal particles is inhibited. Disclosed is a metal particle dispersion comprising metal particles, a dispersant and a solvent, wherein the metal particles contain one or more selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, aluminum, antimony, tin, chromium, lanthanum, indium, gallium and germanium, and wherein the dispersant is a graft copolymer having at least one constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (I) and at least one constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (II), and in which at least part of nitrogen sites of the constitutional units represented by the general formula (I) each form a salt with at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogenated hydrocarbon, an acidic phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (V), and a sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formula (VI): ##STR00001##
(symbols shown in the general formulae (I), (II), (V) and (VI) are as described in the Description.)

The present invention is to provide a metal particle dispersion which has low viscosity and excellent dispersibility and dispersion stability, and in which the precipitation of the metal particles is inhibited. Disclosed is a metal particle dispersion comprising metal particles, a dispersant and a solvent, wherein the metal particles contain one or more selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, aluminum, antimony, tin, chromium, lanthanum, indium, gallium and germanium, and wherein the dispersant is a graft copolymer having at least one constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (I) and at least one constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (II), and in which at least part of nitrogen sites of the constitutional units represented by the general formula (I) each form a salt with at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogenated hydrocarbon, an acidic phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (V), and a sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formula (VI): ##STR00001##
(symbols shown in the general formulae (I), (II), (V) and (VI) are as described in the Description.)

Provided are a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, in which the uniformity of the intensity of diffused light in the light diffusion angle region can be increased, or the light diffusion angle region can be expanded effectively, by regulating the combination of the angles of inclination of pillar-shaped objects in plural columnar structure regions, and a method for manufacturing a light diffusion film. Disclosed is a light diffusion film having a single-layered light diffusion layer, the light diffusion film having a first columnar structure region and a second columnar structure region, in which plural pillar-shaped objects having a relatively high refractive index are arranged to stand close together in a region having a relatively low refractive index, sequentially from the lower part of the film along the film plane.

A resin composition which contains from 5% by mass to 65% by mass (inclusive) of a polymer (X) described below and from 35% by mass to 95% by mass (inclusive) of a polymer (Y) described below. Alternatively, a resin composition which contains more than 65% by mass but 85% by mass or less of a polymer (X) described below and 15% by mass or more but less than 35% by mass of a polymer (Y) described below, wherein a domain (y1) described below or a domain (y2) described below comprises a macromonomer unit. Polymer (X): a vinylidene fluoride resin Polymer (Y): a copolymer having a domain (y1) that is compatible with the polymer (X) and a domain (y2) that is incompatible with the polymer (X)

A resin composition which contains from 5% by mass to 65% by mass (inclusive) of a polymer (X) described below and from 35% by mass to 95% by mass (inclusive) of a polymer (Y) described below. Alternatively, a resin composition which contains more than 65% by mass but 85% by mass or less of a polymer (X) described below and 15% by mass or more but less than 35% by mass of a polymer (Y) described below, wherein a domain (y1) described below or a domain (y2) described below comprises a macromonomer unit. Polymer (X): a vinylidene fluoride resin Polymer (Y): a copolymer having a domain (y1) that is compatible with the polymer (X) and a domain (y2) that is incompatible with the polymer (X)