A method for synthesizing a poly(phenylene) with high ion selectivity comprises dissolving an alkyl halide poly(phenylene) in a polar aprotic solvent to form a nonaqueous solution and adding an anhydrous nucleophile to the nonaqueous solution to replace the halide of the alkyl halide poly(phenylene) with a cationic group of the nucleophile. The poly(phenylene) can be used in anion exchange membranes.

The present invention provides with an electron-accepting compound having a structure of the following formula (1):

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The present invention provides with an electron-accepting compound having a structure of the following formula (1):

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A polymeric adhesive film including a conductive filler of polyaniline (PANI) and MXene is provided. The adhesive film can be painted, printed, or applied to different substrate structures, including aircraft and wind turbine blades. The adhesive film has potential as a fatigue sensor, a strain sensor, a gas sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor, by non-limiting example. In one embodiment, a force sensing material includes a conductive filler of PANI and MXene within an organic or polymer matrix. The force sensing material is used to measure local mechanical strain by detecting the change in electrical conductivity induced by the mechanical strain. The force sensing material can also be used in other applications where local strain changes, including the detection of local humidity and local temperature.

A polymeric adhesive film including a conductive filler of polyaniline (PANI) and MXene is provided. The adhesive film can be painted, printed, or applied to different substrate structures, including aircraft and wind turbine blades. The adhesive film has potential as a fatigue sensor, a strain sensor, a gas sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor, by non-limiting example. In one embodiment, a force sensing material includes a conductive filler of PANI and MXene within an organic or polymer matrix. The force sensing material is used to measure local mechanical strain by detecting the change in electrical conductivity induced by the mechanical strain. The force sensing material can also be used in other applications where local strain changes, including the detection of local humidity and local temperature.

The present invention relates to a four-function steel surface treatment liquid and a preparation method thereof, the components of raw materials of the four-function steel surface treatment liquid per liter include: phytic acid of 15 g-18 g, hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid of 50 g-65 g, phosphoric acid solution of 280 g-320 g, manganous dihydrogen phosphate of 280 g-360 g, thiourea of 5 g-8 g, surfactant of 3 g-6 g, polyethylene glycol of 1 g-2 g, sodium molybdate of 5 g-8 g, and the remaining of water. The four-function steel surface treatment liquid provided by the present invention has the advantages of a good anti-corrosion property and a safe cleaning process, is simple, high efficiency, environmental protection, no hydrogen embrittlement on a metal substrate, no intergranular corrosion, no harm to human skin, no burning, no explosion, and non-toxic, and can be used repeatedly at a normal temperature.

The present invention relates to a four-function steel surface treatment liquid and a preparation method thereof, the components of raw materials of the four-function steel surface treatment liquid per liter include: phytic acid of 15 g-18 g, hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid of 50 g-65 g, phosphoric acid solution of 280 g-320 g, manganous dihydrogen phosphate of 280 g-360 g, thiourea of 5 g-8 g, surfactant of 3 g-6 g, polyethylene glycol of 1 g-2 g, sodium molybdate of 5 g-8 g, and the remaining of water. The four-function steel surface treatment liquid provided by the present invention has the advantages of a good anti-corrosion property and a safe cleaning process, is simple, high efficiency, environmental protection, no hydrogen embrittlement on a metal substrate, no intergranular corrosion, no harm to human skin, no burning, no explosion, and non-toxic, and can be used repeatedly at a normal temperature.

A copolymer having a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 is provided. The copolymer may improve performance, e.g., luminous efficiency, of an electroluminescence device.

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In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is as described in the detailed description.

A copolymer having a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 is provided. The copolymer may improve performance, e.g., luminous efficiency, of an electroluminescence device.

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In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is as described in the detailed description.

The current disclosure is directed to an impact resistant material made from a novel melanin composite. It has been found that using these composites allows for the production of effective ballistic protection and blast containment materials.