A compound represented by the following formula (1) and a method for producing the same, and a composition, a composition for optical component formation, a film forming composition for lithography, a resist composition, a method for forming a resist pattern, a radiation-sensitive composition, a method for producing an amorphous film, an underlayer film forming material for lithography, a composition for underlayer film formation for lithography, a method for producing an underlayer film for lithography, a resist pattern formation method, a circuit pattern formation method, and a purification method.

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2n-valent group of 1 to 60 carbon atoms or a single bond; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (A), a group represented by the following formula (B), a thiol group, or a hydroxy group, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a group selected from the group consisting of a group represented by the following formula (A) and a group represented by the following formula (B); m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8; m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.2, m.sup.3, m.sup.4, and m.sup.5 are not 0 at the same time; n is an integer of 1 to 4; and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2:

##STR00002## wherein each R.sup.6 is independently an alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and m is an integer of 1 or larger, and

##STR00003## wherein R.sup.6 is as defined above; R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and m is 0 or an integer of 1 or larger.

A highway safety protective fence includes a processed steel guardrail board and a protective sleeve, wherein the protective sleeve is sleeved to an outer surface of the processed steel guardrail board. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing the highway safety protective fence includes steps of: conveying an original steel guardrail board to a quenching furnace through a temperature withstanding ceramic stick, quenching, conveying to a constant temperature furnace, staying, conveying to a quenching oil solution tank, cooling in sequence and obtaining a processed steel guardrail board; conveying the processed steel guardrail board to a rubber coating machine through a conveying belt, and packaging the processed steel guardrail board with the protective sleeve to obtain the highway safety protective fence. In the highway safety protective fence provided by the present invention, the steel guardrail board is quenched to greatly increase the safety factor.

Provided are an adhesive resin laminate having an excellent adhesive force to two adherends, a laminate in which this adhesive resin laminate is laminated with two adherends, and a method of producing them. An adhesive resin laminate having at least a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, in which the first adhesive layer includes a base resin and a crosslinking agent, the base resin is a modified polyolefin resin, the crosslinking agent is an epoxy-based compound, the second adhesive layer includes a polyolefin-based resin, and the first adhesive layer has a viscoelastic modulus measurement value E (150) at 150 C. of 1.010.sup.4 Pa or more and 1.010.sup.8 Pa or less.

The present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition for a copper clad laminate, and an application of the epoxy resin composition. The epoxy resin composition contains phosphorus-containing and bromine-containing flame retardant additives, and may be used for the preparation of pre-pregs and copper clad laminates. By using brominated polystyrene, decabromodiphenyl ethane etc. as bromine sources and taking a phosphazene, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum metaphosphate or melamine cyanurate etc. as phosphorus sources, and adjusting the proportions of the phosphorus-containing and bromine-containing flame retardant additives within the composition, the bromine content is controlled at 5-12%, the phosphorus content is controlled at 0.2-1.5%, and the flame retardancy achieves the level of UL94 V-0. Compared to pure bromine flame retardant copper clad laminates, the heat resistance is higher, and a higher CTI value is achieved. Compared to pure phosphorus flame retardant copper clad laminates, the moisture absorption is lower, and the adhesion performance and process operability required for printed circuit substrates are provided. Compared to the use of a large amount of aluminum hydroxide in traditional high CTI sheet material, the present invention achieves CTI>600V using a small amount of aluminum hydroxide or without using aluminum hydroxide.

The present invention provides emulsions comprising curable polyesters and certain surfactants. The emulsions are useful as coatings binders in waterborne thermosetting coating compositions and can be used in conjunction with cross-linking compounds reactive with curable polyesters. Also provided are shaped or formed articles coated with the waterborne thermosetting coating compositions of the invention.

A polymeric composition that provides reduced fogging from low molecular weight, volatile organic materials may include at least a first elastomeric polymer having a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+4) at 125 C.) of least 10 MU, at least a second elastomeric polymer having a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+4) at 125 C.) of less than 10 MU, a phenol formaldehyde resin cross-linker, an activator package, and a VOC absorber.

To improve the thermal stability of a brominated polymer type flame retardant in a flame-retardant resin composition containing a styrene-based resin and the brominated polymer type flame retardant to provide a flame-retardant resin molded article in which occurrences of black foreign substances and discoloration decrease. The flame-retardant resin composition contains 0.8 to 15 parts by mass of a halogen capture agent, 0.8 to 7 parts by mass of an antioxidant, and 0.8 to 6 parts by mass of liquid paraffin based on a total of 100 parts by mass of a styrene-based resin and brominated polymer type flame retardant, and a content of bromine is 18 to 42% by mass.

[Problem] The purpose of the invention is to provide: a thermoplastic elastomer composition capable of providing molded articles that are lightweight, have better oil resistance than those provided by conventional cross-linked thermoplastic elastomers, and have hardness and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and tensile elongation that are equal to or superior to those provided by conventional cross-linked thermoplastic elastomers; and an ethylene/-olefin/unconjugated polyene copolymer having little compression set at low temperature as well as flexibility and an excellent balance of rubber elasticity at low temperature and tensile strength at normal temperature.

[Solution] Produced are: a thermoplastic elastomer composition obtained by dynamically crosslinking a mixture containing a crystalline olefin polymer (A), an ethylene/-olefin (having 4-20 carbon atoms)/unconjugated polyene copolymer (1B) that satisfies specific requirements, and a phenol resin-based crosslinking agent (C); and an ethylene--olefin/unconjugated polyene copolymer (2B) that satisfies specific requirements.

The present disclosure relates to a method for making thermoplastic vulcanizates comprising dynamically vulcanizing an elastomer in an extrusion reactor with a curative in the presence of a thermoplastic resin to form a thermoplastic vulcanizate. Process oil is added to the extrusion reactor at a first, second, and third location, where the amount of process oil introduced at the first oil injection location is less than that introduced at the second oil injection location, where the third oil injection location is downstream of where the curative is introduced to the extrusion reactor, and where the thermoplastic vulcanizate comprises at least 25 wt % of oil based on the weight of the thermoplastic vulcanizate.

Thermoplastic polymer particles directly cross-linked together or cross-linked via a separate and independent polymer network to form an inter-penetrating network are disclosed herein, along with methods of manufacturing and use as interleaf tougheners of pre-pregs and composite articles.