A universal or all-purpose laser marking composition for forming satisfactorily dark laser marks on a wide variety of substrates is provided. The marking composition comprises an enhancer of nitrides, carbides, silicides, and combinations thereof. The enhancer may be selected one or more of ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, Fe.sub.xSi.sub.(1-x) where X can range from about 0.005 to 0.995, Fe.sub.5Si.sub.2, MgFeSi, SiC, CaSi, (Co)Mo, MoSi.sub.2, TiSi.sub.2, ZrSi.sub.2, WSi.sub.2, MnSi.sub.2, YSi, Cu.sub.5Si, Ni.sub.2Si, Fe.sub.3C, Fe.sub.7C.sub.3 and Fe.sub.2C, MoC, Mo.sub.2C, Mo.sub.3C.sub.2, YC.sub.2, WC, Al.sub.4C.sub.3, Mg.sub.2C, Mg.sub.2C.sub.3, CaC.sub.2, LaC.sub.2, Ta.sub.4C.sub.3, Fe.sub.2N, Fe.sub.3N, Fe.sub.4N, Fe.sub.7N.sub.3, Fe.sub.16N.sub.2, MoN, Mo.sub.2N, W.sub.2N, WN, WN.sub.2, and combinations thereof and combinations thereof. Upon disposing the marking composition on a substrate and exposing the marking composition to laser radiation, the marking composition absorbs the laser radiation, increases in temperature, chemically bonds with the substrate, and when formed on each of a metal, glass, ceramic, stone, and plastic substrates, the mark has a negative L dark contrast value of at least 1 compared to a mark formed by the marking composition without the enhancer.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of granules comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate by a) providing surface-reacted calcium carbonate, b) saturating the surface-reacted calcium carbonate with one or more liquids; c) providing one or more binder; d) combining the liquid saturated surface-reacted calcium carbonate with the one or more binder under agitation in an agitation device; e) removing the liquid from the mixture of step d); as well as to the granules comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate obtained by this method.

The present invention involves pigments derived from compounds with the LiSbO.sub.3-type or LiNbO.sub.3-type structures. These compounds possess the following formulations M.sup.1M.sup.5Z.sub.3, M.sup.1M.sup.2M.sup.4M.sup.5Z.sub.6, M.sup.1M.sup.3.sub.2M.sup.5Z.sub.6, M.sup.1M.sup.2M.sup.3M.sup.6Z.sub.6, M.sup.1.sub.2M.sup.4M.sup.6Z.sub.6, M.sup.1M.sup.5M.sup.6Z.sub.6, or a combination thereof. The cation M.sup.1 represents an element with a valence of +1 or a mixture thereof, the cation M.sup.2 represents an element with a valence of +2 or a mixture thereof, the cation M.sup.3 represents an element with a valence of +3 or a mixture thereof, the cation M.sup.4 represents an element with a valence of +4 or a mixture thereof, the cation M.sup.5 represents an element with a valence of +5 or a mixture thereof, and the cation M.sup.6 represents an element with a valence of +6 or a mixture thereof. The cation M is selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, P, Sb, or Te. The anion Z is selected from N, O, S, Se, Cl, F, hydroxide ion or a mixture thereof. Along with the elements mentioned above vacancies may also reside on the M or Z sites of the above formulations such that the structural type is retained. The above formula may also include M dopant additions below 20 atomic %, where the dopant is selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, P, Sb, Bi, Te, or mixtures thereof.

A pigment pellet preparation, comprises one or more effect pigment and one or more thermosetting resin. The effect pigment is dispersed in the thermosetting resin. The thermosetting resin has 3 or more reactive terminal groups and has an acid number from about 10 to about 50 mg KOH/g resin. The preparation comprises from about 70% to about 90% by weight of one or more effect pigment and from about 5% to about 35% by weight of one or more thermosetting resin. The pigment and thermosetting resin comprise about 95% or more of the preparation. The pellets have a diameter of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm and a length of about 1 mm to about 5 cm.

A porous plate-shaped filler is a plate shape having an aspect ratio of 3 or more, and has a minimum length of 0.1 to 50 m and a porosity of 20 to 90%. Furthermore, the porous plate-shaped filler 1 includes plate-shaped pores 2 having an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more. Consequently, in the porous plate-shaped filler, a thermal conductivity is low. The heat insulation film includes the porous plate-shaped filler, whereby a heat insulation effect of the heat insulation film can improve.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacturing of a calcium carbonate-comprising material, to a calcium carbonate-comprising material obtained by the process as well as the use of the calcium carbonate-comprising material for paper filler and paper coating applications, in plastics applications, in paints, in adhesives, in sealings, in concrete, in agriculture applications, in food applications, in cosmetic applications or in pharmaceutical applications.

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparation of a high temperature-resistant bismuth yellow pigment. The method comprises: mixing an oxide which served as a matrix and dopan with a bismuth source, a vanadium source, or a molybdenum source, and then placing the mixture into a mill for grinding to obtain a precursor; further calcining and crushing the precursor to obtain the high temperature-resistant bismuth yellow pigment powder. The bismuth yellow pigment has a bright color, a b* value greater than 90, a stable performance, and a high heat-resistance above 800? C. The method is environmentally friendly without waste, and reaction conditions are simple. Doping of BiVO.sub.4 crystal lattices by incorporation of oxides can be achieved, so that the particle size and distribution of the bismuth yellow pigment can be effectively controlled while the color performance of the bismuth yellow pigment is greatly improved.

A zirconium nitride powder coated with alumina has a volume resistivity is 1?10.sup.6 ?.Math.cm or higher. Also, an coating amount with alumina is 1.5% by mass to 9% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the zirconium nitride. Furthermore, an isoelectric point of the zirconium nitride powder coated with alumina is 5.7 or higher.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of a copper green rust pigment, particularly a preparation method of a copper green rust pigment that can replace the traditional Dancheong Hayeob pigment comprising the following steps: a step of preparing a copper powder comprising at least one of copper; and a copper alloy comprising copper and at least one of tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb); and a step of corroding the copper powder by mixing the copper powder with a corrosive agent containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride. The corrosive agent includes 75 to 90 weight % of the sodium chloride and 10 to 25 weight % of the ammonium chloride based on the total weight.

A process for exfoliating untreated 3-dimensional material to produce a 2-dimensional material, said process comprising the steps of mixing the untreated 3-dimensional material in a liquid to provide a mixture; applying shear force to said mixture to exfoliate the 3-dimensional material and produce dispersed exfoliated 2-dimensional material in solution; and removing the shear force applied to said mixture, such that the dispersed exfoliated 2-dimensional material remains free and unaggregated in solution.