A substrate having a superhydrophobic surface and methods of manufacturing the same and uses thereof. The substrate comprises a frame of a first material of interconnected structures exhibiting cavities having the shape of inverted pyramids; and a second material comprising hydrophobic structures filling the cavities, wherein the sidewalls of the inverted pyramids form an angle α of 105°<α<135° against the surface. The hydrophobic structures, such as nanoparticles, provide excellent water repellency, whereas the structures formed by a mechanically durable substrate material, typically comprising microstructures, act as armor to resist abrasion. The substrates are robust, durable and abrasion resistant and can be used as surfaces in self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat transfer materials as well as in transparent surfaces, in particular in solar cells.

A methodology is provided for generating hydrophobic superhydrophobic, oleophobic and/or superoleophobic surfaces. Compositions of matter made of a substrate having deposited on a surface thereof (e.g., by thermal evaporation) hydrocarbon waxes, including fluorinated waxes, are disclosed. Process of preparing such compositions of matter and articles of manufacturing incorporating such compositions are also disclosed. Further disclosed are articles of manufacturing and methods which are useful in inhibiting, reducing and/or retarding biofilm formation, and which include applying waxes (e.g., by thermal evaporation) on a surface of the articles.

The present invention provides potent antibiofilm and antifouling compounds albofungin and derivatives thereof isolated from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus BCC 24770, the construction of high-yield strains for albofungin production, and application of albofungin-based copolymer coatings to object or surfaces, particularly to inhibit fouling by marine organisms using hydrolysable and degradable antifouling coatings incorporated with albofungins.

Systems, devices, and methods for a cosmetic sponge having: a tip portion at one end of the cosmetic sponge; an angled portion, where the tip portion is surrounded by the angled portion; a bulbous portion, where the bulbous portion is disposed proximate a bottom of the cosmetic sponge; and a bottom portion, where the bottom portion is surrounded by the bulbous portion; and a thermochromic pigment in at least a portion of the cosmetic sponge, where the portion of the cosmetic sponge changes from a first color at a first temperature to a second color at a second temperature.

A coated smooth surface of a substrate repels liquids and viscoelastic materials and can have anti-staining and anti-biofouling properties. The smooth surface can be coated by applying a chemical layer on the surface and a lubricant. Such coated surfaces are useful for use in toilets, urinals, or other devices for the processing of liquids and viscoelastic materials such as solid or semi-solid metabolic waste of human digestive system. Such coated surfaces can also be applied to windows for buildings or vehicles such as automobiles or camera lenses to repel liquids (e.g. rain), ice, frost, insect residues, and birds' feces.

The present embodiments relate to an antifouling article comprising polyurethane and medetomidine, or an enantiomer or salt thereof, from 0.1% by weight of the antifouling article and present in a polymer matrix of the polyurethane.

The present invention is directed to environmentally benign coatings that can prevent fouling of submerged structures and surfaces in the marine environment. The coating is essentially a grease composition composed of an organic acids salt, mineral oil, a solvent and alkaline silicate. The sulfonate thickener is an oil soluble dispersing agent selected from a plurality of organic acids in a form of alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof, such as calcium sulfonate. Coating compositions of the invention can be used to coat surfaces, such that when such surfaces are exposed to or kept submerged in seawater they will prevent fouling of such surfaces when exposed to the marine environment for extended time.

Provided are amphiphilic copolymers that include repeat units of formulas [Z].sub.m and [P].sub.n, wherein Z is a zwitterionic structural unit including at least one pendant heteroaromatic moiety, the heteroaromatic moiety containing a positively charged quaternary nitrogen atom (e.g., a pyridine ring), and wherein at least one negatively charged functional moiety is linked to the heteroaromatic moiety directly or through a linker, wherein the linker, where present, is an optionally substituted alkyl linker; P is a structural unit including a hydrophobic moiety, the hydrophobic moiety being a linear, branched, or cyclic fluorine-substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 moiety; m is an integer that is ≥1; and n is an integer that is ≥1.

Provided herein are compositions including polymeric binder or a salt thereof, high molecular weight polymer, pharmaceutically active agent and a low molecular weight cross-linking agent, methods for using the compositions to coat a substrate, and methods for making the compositions. Alternatively, the composition may include a polymeric binder or a salt thereof, high molecular weight polymer and a pharmaceutically active agent. In particular, the substrate may form part of an apparatus on which it would be beneficial to limit biofouling and/or protein binding.

Provided herein are compositions including polymeric binder or a salt thereof, high molecular weight polymer, pharmaceutically active agent and a low molecular weight cross-linking agent, methods for using the compositions to coat a substrate, and methods for making the compositions. Alternatively, the composition may include a polymeric binder or a salt thereof, high molecular weight polymer and a pharmaceutically active agent. In particular, the substrate may form part of an apparatus on which it would be beneficial to limit biofouling and/or protein binding.