The invention relates to a method for grafting an organic film onto an electically conductive or semiconductive surface by electro-reduction of a solution, wherein the solution comprises one diazonium salt and one monomer bearing at least one chain polymerizable functional group. During the electrolyzing process, at least one protocols consisting of an electrical polarization of the surface by applying a variable potential over at least a range of values which are more cathodic that the reduction or peak potential of all diazonium salts in said solution is applied. The invention also relates to an electrically conducting or semiconducting surface obtained by implementing this method.

The invention further relates to electrolytic compositions.

A bicycle gear having a first coating layer obtained by a plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment and a second coating layer, overlapped on the first coating layer, that is a lubricating substance, preferably a fluoropolymer.

A spacecraft, for example a satellite, or a part thereof having a coating comprising a 2D material on an outer surface thereof is described. The 2D material comprises one or more elements, excluding C, N and S, in an amount of at least 50 at. %; and respective oxides of the one or more elements of the 2D material have a vapour pressure of at most 10 Pa at a temperature of 323 K.

A spacecraft, for example a satellite, or a part thereof having a coating comprising a 2D material on an outer surface thereof is described. The 2D material comprises one or more elements, excluding C, N and S, in an amount of at least 50 at. %; and respective oxides of the one or more elements of the 2D material have a vapour pressure of at most 10 Pa at a temperature of 323 K.

The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a film-forming binder and electrically conductive particles, wherein the electrically conductive particles are present in an amount of at least 25% by weight, based on the total solids weight of the electrodepositable coating composition. The present invention is also directed towards methods of coating a substrate, coatings, and coated substrates.

A coating method for a cationic electrodeposition coating material includes: a step of immersing a metallic article to be coated in a first solution bath, a step of immersing the article in a second solution bath and a step of immersing the article in a third solution bath; and at least one of the three steps includes a cationic electrodeposition coating in which a current is applied. A coating film formed through the three steps contains at least: a base resin component (A), a reaction component (B) and a catalyst (C). The first solution bath, the second solution bath and the third solution bath contain the base resin component (A), the reaction component (B) and the catalyst (C) in a combination of one or two of the components.

An epoxy resin emulsion includes a continuous phase including an aqueous carrier and an acid. The emulsion also includes a dispersed phase including an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is the reaction product of an amine compound and a first epoxy reactant. The first epoxy reactant itself includes the reaction product of (1) an aromatic diol monomer, (2) a di-glycidyl ether of Bisphenol A and/or a di-glycidyl ether of catechol, and (3) a C8-C18 alkyl phenolic end-capping agent. The (1) aromatic diol monomer has the structure:

##STR00001##

In this structure, each of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a halide group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a blocked isocyanate group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyloxy group or wherein any two or more of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 may be a fused ring.

The invention relates to a method for grafting an organic film onto an electically conductive or semiconductive surface by electro-reduction of a solution, wherein the solution comprises one diazonium salt and one monomer bearing at least one chain polymerizable functional group. During the electrolyzing process, at least one protocole consisting of an electrical polarization of the surface by applying a variable potential over at least a range of values which are more cathodic that the reduction or peak potential of all diazonium salts in said solution is applied. The invention also relates to an electrically conducting or semiconducting surface obtained by implementing this method. The invention further relates to electrolytic compositions.

In various aspects, the sensors include a substrate that is porous and non-conductive with nanoparticles deposited onto the substrate within pores of the substrate by an electrophoretic process to form a sensor element. The nanoparticles are electrically conductive. The sensor includes a detector in communication with the sensor element to measure a change in an electrical property of the sensor element. The change in the electrical property may result from alterations in quantum tunneling between nanoparticles within the sensor element, in various aspects.

The process for coating a guide comprises at least the steps of: supplying a guide (1) made of metallic material and comprising an outer surface (2, 3) provided with a first portion (2) adapted to slide a carriage (4) and a second portion (3) separate from the first portion (2); depositing a first coating layer (9) on the first portion (2) and on the second portion (3); cataphoretic painting the guide (1) adapted to deposit a second coating layer (12) onto the first portion (2) and onto the second portion (3) on top of the first coating layer (9); and removing the second coating layer (12) from the first portion (2).