Provided is a bioink comprising a mixture comprising a collagen and a polysaccharide, and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a hydrogel matrix formed from a bioink comprising a mixture comprising a collagen and a polysaccharide, and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a 3D biomaterial scaffold comprising a hydrogel matrix of the disclosure as a first hydrogel layer and a hydrogel matrix of the disclosure as a second hydrogel layer, optionally having an intervening layer between the first hydrogel layer and the second hydrogel layer, and methods of forming and using same.

A coating, a method for coating surfaces, and the coated surfaces. The method includes providing a substrate with a cleaned metal surface; contacting and coating the metal surface with an aqueous composition having a ph of from 0.5 to 7.0 and in the form of a dispersion and/or a suspension; optionally rinsing the organic coating; and drying and/or baking the organic coating, or optionally drying the organic coating and coating same with a similar or another coating composition thereto. The composition contains a complex fluoride in a quantity of 1.1 10.sup.6 mol/l to 0.30 mol/l based on the cations. An anionic polyelectrolyte in a quantity of 0.01 to 5.0 wt % based on the total mass of the resulting mixture is added to an anionically stabilized dispersion made of film-forming polymers and/or a suspension made of film-forming inorganic particles.

A coating, a method for coating surfaces, and the coated surfaces. The method includes providing a substrate with a cleaned metal surface; contacting and coating the metal surface with an aqueous composition having a ph of from 0.5 to 7.0 and in the form of a dispersion and/or a suspension; optionally rinsing the organic coating; and drying and/or baking the organic coating, or optionally drying the organic coating and coating same with a similar or another coating composition thereto. The composition contains a complex fluoride in a quantity of 1.1 10.sup.6 mol/l to 0.30 mol/l based on the cations. An anionic polyelectrolyte in a quantity of 0.01 to 5.0 wt % based on the total mass of the resulting mixture is added to an anionically stabilized dispersion made of film-forming polymers and/or a suspension made of film-forming inorganic particles.

A germplasm growth inducing composition comprises a biodegradable polymer or oligomer; and a plant bioactive component. The biodegradable polymer can comprise a citrate polymer in some embodiments, the citrate polymer being formed from one or more monomers of citric acid, one or more monomers of a C2-C14 polyol. A method of inducing germplasm growth comprises applying the germplasm growth inducing composition to a plant germplasm as an integument or applying the germplasm growth inducing composition to soil as a soil amendment.

A germplasm growth inducing composition comprises a biodegradable polymer or oligomer; and a plant bioactive component. The biodegradable polymer can comprise a citrate polymer in some embodiments, the citrate polymer being formed from one or more monomers of citric acid, one or more monomers of a C2-C14 polyol. A method of inducing germplasm growth comprises applying the germplasm growth inducing composition to a plant germplasm as an integument or applying the germplasm growth inducing composition to soil as a soil amendment.

The application relates to a laminated porous film having a heat-resistant layer that is suitable for a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics, and a coating liquid for forming the heat-resistant layer. A coating liquid containing a filler, a binder, and a solvent, wherein a hydrophilicity parameter A of the filler defined by formula (1) is 0.35 to 0.65:

Hydrophilicity parameter A=BET.sub.1/BET.sub.2 (1)

wherein, in formula (1), BET.sub.1: the specific surface area of the filler calculated using a BET method from a differential adsorption isotherm obtained by subtracting, from a first adsorption isotherm measured by adsorbing water vapor to the filler, a second adsorption isotherm; and BET.sub.2: the specific surface area of the filler calculated using a BET method from a differential adsorption isotherm measured by adsorbing nitrogen to the filler.

The application relates to a laminated porous film having a heat-resistant layer that is suitable for a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics, and a coating liquid for forming the heat-resistant layer. A coating liquid containing a filler, a binder, and a solvent, wherein a hydrophilicity parameter A of the filler defined by formula (1) is 0.35 to 0.65:

Hydrophilicity parameter A=BET.sub.1/BET.sub.2 (1)

wherein, in formula (1), BET.sub.1: the specific surface area of the filler calculated using a BET method from a differential adsorption isotherm obtained by subtracting, from a first adsorption isotherm measured by adsorbing water vapor to the filler, a second adsorption isotherm; and BET.sub.2: the specific surface area of the filler calculated using a BET method from a differential adsorption isotherm measured by adsorbing nitrogen to the filler.

Provided is an agent for dispersing an electrically conductive carbon material, in which the agent consists of a polymer which has an oxazoline group in a side chain and which is obtained by using an oxazoline group-containing monomer such as that represented by formula (1) for example, and in which the agent exhibits excellent dispersion of an electrically conductive carbon material and produces a thin film that exhibits excellent adhesion to a current collection substrate when formed into a thin film together with the electrically conductive carbon material.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, X denotes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group, and R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a branched structure having 1-5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms.)

Provided is an agent for dispersing an electrically conductive carbon material, in which the agent consists of a polymer which has an oxazoline group in a side chain and which is obtained by using an oxazoline group-containing monomer such as that represented by formula (1) for example, and in which the agent exhibits excellent dispersion of an electrically conductive carbon material and produces a thin film that exhibits excellent adhesion to a current collection substrate when formed into a thin film together with the electrically conductive carbon material.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, X denotes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group, and R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a branched structure having 1-5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms.)

A formulation for coating surfaces, for example gloves, with a tacky film comprises a hydrophobically modified biopolymer, where the hydrophobic modifications of the biopolymer correspond to between 1 and 90% of available functional groups, a plasticizer, and a volatile solvent. The formulation quickly dries into a tacky film that provides an enhanced friction of the surface.