A method for roughening a surface of a substrate, including: applying a composition containing inorganic particles and organic resin to the surface of the substrate and drying and curing the composition to form an organic resin layer; and etching the substrate by a solution containing hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, or an acid, to roughen the surface. Preferably, the solution contains hydrogen fluoride and ammonium fluoride or hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, the resin layer contains a ratio of the particles to the resin of 5 to 50 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass, and the composition is a mixture of silica sol wherein silica is dispersed as the inorganic particles in organic solvent or titanium oxide sol wherein titanium oxide is dispersed, with a solution of the organic resin.

A method for roughening a surface of a substrate, including: applying a composition containing inorganic particles and organic resin to the surface of the substrate and drying and curing the composition to form an organic resin layer; and etching the substrate by a solution containing hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, or an acid, to roughen the surface. Preferably, the solution contains hydrogen fluoride and ammonium fluoride or hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, the resin layer contains a ratio of the particles to the resin of 5 to 50 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass, and the composition is a mixture of silica sol wherein silica is dispersed as the inorganic particles in organic solvent or titanium oxide sol wherein titanium oxide is dispersed, with a solution of the organic resin.

This disclosure relates to a film layer for use in flexible metal clad laminates. The film layer comprises a thermosetting composition comprising: a copolymer of (a) a diisoalkenylarene (DIAEA) and (b) a divinylarene (DVA) containing a mixture of m-divinylarene and p-divinylarene, in a mole ratio of (a) to (b) of 15:1 to 1:15; a second polymer; a filler and optional additives. Flexible metal clad laminates made with the film further comprises a metal foil bonded to the surface of the film. The thermosetting composition containing the DIAEA-DVA copolymer provides improved thermal stability at high temperature, excellent processability, and electrical properties, e.g., Dk and Df.

Provided is a kit including a curable composition for imprinting which contains a polymerizable compound having an aromatic ring and a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting which contains a polymer and a solvent, in which the polymer contains at least one kind of specific constitutional unit and has a polymerizable group, a film formed of the composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting is a solid film at 23 C., and a portion that has a continuous partial structure containing an aromatic ring which is included in the polymerizable compound and accounts for 60% by mass or more of the polymerizable compound is common to a continuous partial structure containing an aromatic ring which is included in a substituent R in a side chain in the polymer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting which is used in combination with a curable composition for imprinting; a laminate; a method for producing a laminate; a method for producing a cured product pattern; and a method for manufacturing a circuit board.

A method for producing a perovskite material photovoltaic device, the method comprising: depositing a layer comprising a fullerene or fullerene derivative on a perovskite material; depositing a cross-linking agent on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises a silane, wherein the silane is a halosilyalkane; and depositing one or more polymers on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative.

A thin oil film having parylene irregular dendritic-like columns extending from one side to another exhibits hydrophobic properties that can be used as a corrosion resistant coating or water-repellant, biofouling resistant surface. This parylene-in-oil layer can be paired with an adjacent layer of solid parylene that it overlays or underlays. The solid parylene cross polymerizes with the parylene dendrites, keeping them in place as well as the oil film. The parylene dendrites are fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of parylene over the oil layer, the dendrites self-forming from the bottom to the top. Continued CVD over the dendrites can produce a top layer of solid parylene. Etching the solid parylene away can result in a water repellant, anti-biofouling surface.

A thin oil film having parylene irregular dendritic-like columns extending from one side to another exhibits hydrophobic properties that can be used as a corrosion resistant coating or water-repellant, biofouling resistant surface. This parylene-in-oil layer can be paired with an adjacent layer of solid parylene that it overlays or underlays. The solid parylene cross polymerizes with the parylene dendrites, keeping them in place as well as the oil film. The parylene dendrites are fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of parylene over the oil layer, the dendrites self-forming from the bottom to the top. Continued CVD over the dendrites can produce a top layer of solid parylene. Etching the solid parylene away can result in a water repellant, anti-biofouling surface.

Provided is a coating agent which can be stably immobilized on metal surface, and which can give blood compatibility. Provided is a copolymer which is usable as the above-mentioned coating agent that comprises PEG segment and a segment which has a phosphoric acid residue (PO(OH).sub.2) and a cyclic nitroxideradical randomly as a side chain or a pendant group.

Provided is a coating agent which can be stably immobilized on metal surface, and which can give blood compatibility. Provided is a copolymer which is usable as the above-mentioned coating agent that comprises PEG segment and a segment which has a phosphoric acid residue (PO(OH).sub.2) and a cyclic nitroxideradical randomly as a side chain or a pendant group.

The present disclosure is directed to resins and to polymers, copolymers, and blends formed therefrom.