A surface-treating agent containing (1) at least one perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound of any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), (C2), (D1) and (D2):

##STR00001##

and (2) a fluorine containing oil of the general formula (O):

Rf.sup.1-PFPE-Rf.sup.2(O)

wherein: each of the symbols are as defined herein. A content of the fluorine containing oil having a molecular weight of 2.0 or more times higher than the number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing oils among the fluorine containing oil of the formula (O) is 10 mol % or less.

A surface-treating agent containing (1) at least one perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound of any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), (C2), (D1) and (D2):

##STR00001##

and (2) a fluorine containing oil of the general formula (O):

Rf.sup.1-PFPE-Rf.sup.2(O)

wherein: each of the symbols are as defined herein. A content of the fluorine containing oil having a molecular weight of 2.0 or more times higher than the number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing oils among the fluorine containing oil of the formula (O) is 10 mol % or less.

The present disclosure relates to a passivation layer comprising a photocrosslinked fluoropolymer and a process for forming the layer. Passivation layers comprising the crosslinked fluoropolymer have low dielectric constants, low water absorptivity and are able to be photoimaged so as to provide the very fine features needed for modern electronic equipment.

The present disclosure relates to a passivation layer comprising a photocrosslinked fluoropolymer and a process for forming the layer. Passivation layers comprising the crosslinked fluoropolymer have low dielectric constants, low water absorptivity and are able to be photoimaged so as to provide the very fine features needed for modern electronic equipment.

A method for synthesizing a piezoelectric material is provided. The method includes dehydrofluorinating a fluoropolymer precursor by incubating the fluoropolymer precursor in the presence of a base, wherein the fluoropolymer precursor comprises poly(vinylidene fluoride) or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride; and isolating an at least partially dehydrofluorinated fluoropolymer solid having -phase and that exhibits melt flow processability at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 150 C. The at least partially dehydrofluorinated fluoropolymer solid is capable of forming a solid piezoelectric fluoropolymer material having -phase in an amount sufficient to exhibit a piezoelectric strain coefficient d.sub.31 absolute value of greater than or equal to about 25 pm/V.

The present invention is related to a thermo-shielding window coating composition having improved thermo-shielding and weathering resistant properties when applied to glass surfaces. The composition is made by first mixing an infrared absorbing pigment in amount of up to 5 wt. % with first dosage of an aqueous or alcoholic sulfonate group grafted fluoropolymer resin in amount of up to 10 wt. %, and water in amount of up to 10 wt. % to obtain a mixer, then dispersing the mixer by a disperser, and simultaneously adding second dosage of the sulfonate group grafted fluoropolymer resin in amount up to 90 wt. % to the above mixer until homogenous solution is obtained, wherein the weight % is calculated based on the total weight of the coating composition.

The present invention is related to a thermo-shielding window coating composition having improved thermo-shielding and weathering resistant properties when applied to glass surfaces. The composition is made by first mixing an infrared absorbing pigment in amount of up to 5 wt. % with first dosage of an aqueous or alcoholic sulfonate group grafted fluoropolymer resin in amount of up to 10 wt. %, and water in amount of up to 10 wt. % to obtain a mixer, then dispersing the mixer by a disperser, and simultaneously adding second dosage of the sulfonate group grafted fluoropolymer resin in amount up to 90 wt. % to the above mixer until homogenous solution is obtained, wherein the weight % is calculated based on the total weight of the coating composition.

The invention relates to a fluorinated copolymers which are particularly based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and particularly functionalized by functional and/or functionizable vinyl ethers. The invention also relates to methods for producing said copolymers, and to the applications thereof.

The invention relates to a fluorinated copolymers which are particularly based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and particularly functionalized by functional and/or functionizable vinyl ethers. The invention also relates to methods for producing said copolymers, and to the applications thereof.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.